Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:16:49.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Influence of Weed Seed Dispersion Versus the Effect of Competition on Crop Yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Bruce D. Maxwell  and
Claudio Ghersa
Bruce D. Maxwell
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minn., St. Paul, MN 55108
Claudio Ghersa
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minn., St. Paul, MN 55108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A theoretical model was developed to assess the relative importance of weed competition and seed dispersal in determining long-term crop yield reductions imposed by weeds. Weed seed dispersal by cultivation, natural means, and harvest machines was incorporated into a weed and crop population model. Model simulations were conducted with green foxtail and spring wheat demographic data from the literature. Simulations indicated that seed dispersal from a weed species invading a field may have a more important influence on crop yield than the relative competitive ability of the weed with respect to the crop. However, if a weed species has a uniform or a high frequency random distribution, there is less difference in the relative importance of dispersal versus competitive ability in determining crop yield reductions. Harvest machines may be an important mechanism for dispersing weed seeds that are harvested with the crop. The practical implication is to make harvesters weed seed ‘predators’ rather than dispersal agents and thereby reduce herbicide and mechanical weed control inputs.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv ♯ SETVIspring wheat Triticum aestivum L.Weed dispersalweed population modelcombine harvester seed dispersal
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 196 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Auld, B. A., Menz, K. M., and Monaghan, N. M. 1978/1979. Dynamics of weed spread: implications for policies of public control. Prot. Ecol. 1:141–148.Google Scholar
2. Auld, B. A., and Coote, B. G. 1980. A model of spreading plant population. Oikos 34:287–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Auld, B. A., and Coote, B. G. 1981. Prediction of pasture invasion by Nassella trichotoma (Gramineae) in South East Australia. Prot. Ecol. 3:271–277.Google Scholar
4. Auld, B. A., Menz, K. M., and Tisdell, C. A. 1987. Weed control economics. Appl. Bot. and Crop Sci. Ser. Academic Press, London. p. 55–56.Google Scholar
5. Ballare, C. L., Scopel, A. L., Ghersa, C. M., and Sanchez, R. A. 1987. The population ecology of Datura ferox in soybean crops. A simulation approach incorporating seed dispersal. Agric. Ecosyst. & Environ. 19:177–188.Google Scholar
6. Blackshaw, R. E., Stobbe, E. H., and Sturko, A.R.W. 1981. Effect of seeding dates and densities of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) on the growth and productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 29:212–217.Google Scholar
7. Cousens, R. 1985. A simple model relating yield loss to weed density. Ann. Appl. Biol. 107:239–252.Google Scholar
8. Cousens, R. 1987. Theory and reality of weed control thresholds. Plant Prot. Q. 2:13–20.Google Scholar
9. Cousens, R., Moss, S. R., Cussans, G. W., and Wilson, B. J. 1987. Modeling weed populations in cereals. Rev. Weed. Sci. 3:93–112.Google Scholar
10. DeAngelis, D. L., Travis, C. C., and Post, W. M. 1979. Persistence and stability of seed-dispersed species in a patchy environment. Theor. Popul. Biol. 16:107–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Douglas, B. J., Thomas, A. G., Morrison, I. N., and Maw, M. G. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:669–690.Google Scholar
12. Firbank, L. G., and Watkinson, A. R. 1985. On the analysis of competition with two-species mixtures of plants. J. Appl. Ecol. 22:503–517.Google Scholar
13. Haas, H., and Streibig, J. C. 1982. Changing pattern of weed distribution as a result of herbicide use and other agronomic factors. p. 57–79. in LeBaron, H. M., and Gressel, J., eds., Herbicide Resistance in Plants. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
14. Hamilton, W. D., and May, R. M. 1977. Dispersal in stable habitats. Nature 269:578–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Horne, F. R. 1953. The significance of weed seeds in relation to crop production. p. 372. in Proc. 1st Br. Weed Control Conf., Margate, England.Google Scholar
16. Kropff, M. J. 1988. Modelling the effects of weeds on crop production. Weed Res. 28:465–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Levin, S. A. 1974. Dispersion and population interactions. Am. Natur. 114:103–114.Google Scholar
18. Maxwell, B. D., Wilson, M. V., and Radosevich, S. R. 1988. Population modeling approach for evaluating leafy spurge development and control. Weed Technol. 2:132–138.Google Scholar
19. Menz, K. M., Coote, B. G., and Auld, B. A. 1980. Spatial aspects of weed control. Agric. Syst. 6:67–75.Google Scholar
20. Morrison, I. N., Maurice, D., and Bubar, C. J. 1981. The relative competitive ability of green and yellow foxtail in wheat and their responses to shade. Abstr. XIII Int. Bot. Congr., Sydney, Australia. 221 p.Google Scholar
21. Pacala, S. W. 1986. Neighborhood model of plant population dynamics. 2. Multi-species models of annuals. Theor. Popul. Biol. 29:262–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Pacala, S. W. 1989. Plant population dynamic theory. p. 54–57 in Roughgarden, J., May, R. M., and Levin, S. A., eds. Perspectives in Ecological Theory. Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey.Google Scholar
23. Petzold, K. 1956. Combine-harvesting and weeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 1:178–181.Google Scholar
24. Radosevich, S. R. 1987. Methods to study interactions among crops and weeds. Weed Technol. 1:190–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Radosevich, S. R. 1988. Methods to study crop and weed interactions. p. 121–143 in Altieri, M. A., and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. Google Scholar
26. Ridley, H. N. 1930. The dispersal of plants throughout the world. L. Reeve & Co. Ashford, Ky. Google Scholar
27. Sagar, G. R., and Mortimer, A. M. 1976. An approach to the study of the population dynamics of plants with special reference to weeds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1:1–47.Google Scholar
28. Schmida, A., and Ellner, S. D. 1984. Coexistence of plant species with similar niches. Vegetatio 58:29–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Skellam, J. G. 1951. Random dispersal in theoretical populations. Biometrika 38:196–218.Google Scholar
30. Staricka, J. A., Buford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated shattered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J. 82:1131–1134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Swinton, S. M., and King, R. P. 1990. WEEDSIM: A bioeconomic model of weed management in corn. Dep. Agric. and Applied Econ. Staff Paper P90-71. University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Google Scholar
32. Thurston, J. M. 1964. Weed studies in winter wheat Proc. 7th Br. Weed Control Conf. p. 592–598.Google Scholar
33. van der Pijil, L. 1969. Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
34. Wicks, G. A., and Somerhalder, B. R. 1971. Effect of seedbed preparation for corn on distribution of weed seed. Weed Sci. 19:666–672.Google Scholar
35. Wilson, B. J. 1972. The dispersal of Avena fatua by wheat harvesting. Proc. Br. Weed Control Conf. p. 624–628.Google Scholar
36. Yodzis, P. 1978. Competition for Space and the Structure of Ecological Communities. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed crop competition: A Review. International Plant Protection Center, Corvallis, Ore. Google Scholar