Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:26:53.825Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Suppression from Cover Crop Mixtures and Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2019

Kara B. Pittman Open the ORCID record for Kara B. Pittman [Opens in a new window] ,
Jacob N. Barney Open the ORCID record for Jacob N. Barney [Opens in a new window]  and
Michael L. Flessner Open the ORCID record for Michael L. Flessner [Opens in a new window]
Kara B. Pittman
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Jacob N. Barney
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Michael L. Flessner*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Michael L. Flessner, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 675 Old Glade Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Horseweed is a problematic weed to control, especially in no-tillage production. Increasing cases of herbicide resistance have exacerbated the problem, necessitating alternative control options and an integrated weed management approach. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate horseweed suppression from fall-planted cover crop monocultures and mixtures as well as two fall-applied residual herbicide treatments. Prior to cover crop termination, horseweed density was reduced by 88% to 96% from cover crops. At cover crop termination in late spring, cereal rye biomass was 7,671 kg ha–1, which was similar to cereal rye–containing mixtures (7,720 kg ha–1) but greater than legumes in monoculture (3,335 kg ha–1). After cover crops were terminated in late spring using a roller crimper, corn and soybeans were planted and horseweed was evaluated using density counts, visible ratings, and biomass collection until harvest. Forage radish winterkilled, offering no competition in late winter or biomass to contribute to horseweed suppression after termination. Excluding forage radish in monoculture, no difference in horseweed suppression was detected between cereal rye–containing cover crops and legumes (crimson clover and hairy vetch) in monoculture. Likewise, horseweed suppression was similar between monocultures and mixtures, with the exception of one site-year in which mixtures provided better suppression. In this experiment, the cover crop treatments performed as well as or better than the fall-applied residual herbicides, flumioxazin+paraquat and metribuzin+chlorimuron-ethyl. These results indicate that fall-planted cover crops are a viable option to suppress horseweed and can be an effective part of an integrated weed management program. Furthermore, cover crop mixtures can be used to gain the benefits of legume or brassica cover crop species without sacrificing horseweed suppression.

Keywords

David Johnson, CortevaChlorimuron-ethylflumioxazinmetribuzinparaquathorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICA cereal rye, Secale cereale L.corn, Zea mays L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.forage radish, Raphanus sativus L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothsoybean, Glycine max L. Merr.Biculturemarestailpolyculture
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 303 - 311
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, MC (1993) Diaspore morphology and seed dispersal in several wind-dispersed Asteraceae. Am J Bot 80:487–492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhowmik, PC, Bekech, MM (1993) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) seed production, emergence, and distribution in no-tillage and conventional-tillage corn (Zea mays). Agronomy (Trends in Agric Sci) 1:67–71Google Scholar
Bruce, JA, Kells, JJ (1990) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) control in no-tillage soybeans (Glycine max) with preplant and preemergence herbicides. Weed Technol 4:642–647CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cholette, TB, Soltani, N, Hooker, DC, Robinson, DE, Sikkema, PH (2018) Suppression of glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane (Conyza canadensis) in corn with cover crops seeded after wheat harvest the previous year. Weed Technol 32:244–250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornelius, CD, Bradley, KW (2017) Influence of various cover crop species on winter and summer annual weed emergence in soybean. Weed Technol 31:503–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dauer, JT, Mortensen, DA, Humston, R (2006) Controlled experiments to predict horseweed (Conyza canadensis) dispersal distances. Weed Sci 54:484–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, VM, Gibson, KD, Bauman, TT, Weller, SC, Johnson, WG (2007) Influence of weed management practices and crop rotation on glyphosate-resistant horseweed population dynamics and crop yield. Weed Sci 55:508–516CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, VM, Johnson, WG (2008) Glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) emergence, survival, and fecundity in no-till soybean. Weed Sci 56:231–236CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, VM, Kruger, GR, Stachler, JM, Loux, MM, Johnson, WG (2009) Growth and seed production of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) populations resistant to glyphosate, ALS-inhibiting, and multiple (glyphosate+ALS-inhibiting) herbicides. Weed Sci 57:494–504CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, VM, Kruger, GR, Young, BG, Johnson, WG (2010) Fall and spring preplant herbicide applications influence spring emergence of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Technol 24:11–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, DM, White, CM, Kaye, JP (2015) Biomass production and carbon/nitrogen ratio influence ecosystem services from cover crop mixtures. Agron J 108:39–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, JL, Witt, WW (1997) Microbial degradation of imazaquin and imazethapyr. Weed Sci 45:586–591CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frans, R, Talbert, R, Marx, D, Crowley, H (1986) Experimental design and techniques for measuring and analyzing plant responses to weed control practices. Pages 29–46 in Camper ND, ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. 3rd edn. Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science SocietyGoogle Scholar
Gantoli, G, Ayala, VR, Gerhards, R (2013) Determination of the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Technol 27:63–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Górski, T, Górska, K, Nowicki, J (1977) Germination of seeds of various herbaceous species under leaf canopy. Flora 166:249–259CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayden, ZD, Brainard, DC, Henshaw, B, Ngouajio, M (2012) Winter annual weed suppression in rye–vetch cover crop mixtures. Weed Technol 26:818–825CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I (2018) The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org/Summary/Species.aspx Accessed: July 19, 2018Google Scholar
Kruger, GR, Davis, VM, Weller, SC, Stachler, JM, Loux, MM, Johnson, WG (2008) Frequency, distribution, and characterization of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) biotypes with resistance to glyphosate and ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Sci 57:652–659CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawley, YE, Weil, RR, Teasdale, JR (2012) Forage radish cover crop suppresses winter annual weeds in fall and before corn planting. Agron J 103:137–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loux, MM, Reese, KD (1992) Effect of soil pH on adsorption and persistence of imazaquin. Weed Sci 40:490–496CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Main, CL, Steckel, LE, Hayes, RM, Mueller, TC (2006) Biotic and abiotic factors influence horseweed emergence. Weed Technol 54:1101–1105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirsky, SB, Ryan, MR, Teasdale, JR, Curran, WS, Reberg-Horton, CS, Spargo, JT, Wells, MS, Keene, CL, Moyer, JW (2013) Overcoming weed management challenges in cover crop–based organic rotational no-till soybean production in the eastern United States. Weed Technol 27:193–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, CL, Teasdale, JR (1993) Response of weed emergence to rate of Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale L. residue. Weed Res 33:487–499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moseley, CM, Hagood, ES Jr. (1990) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) control in full-season no-till soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Technol 4:814–818CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, JR, Coen, G, Dunn, R, Smith, AM (2010) Effects of landscape position, rainfall, and tillage on residual herbicides. Weed Technol 24:361–368CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandula, VK, Eubank, TW, Poston, DH, Koger, CH, Reddy, KN (2006) Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci 54:898–902CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, LN, Steckel, LE, Koger, CH, Main, CL, Mueller, TC (2009) Evaluation of spring and fall burndown application timings on control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in no-till cotton. Weed Technol 23:335–339CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regehr, DL, Bazzaz, FA (1979) The population dynamics of Erigeron canadensis, a successional winter annual. J Ecol 67:923–933CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sainju, UM, Whitehead, WF, Singh, BP (2005) Biculture legume—cereal cover crops for enhanced biomass yield and carbon and nitrogen. Agron J 97:1403–1412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaner, D, Hager, A (2014) Detecting and confirming accelerated atrazine dissipation in Illinois. Weed Technol 28:432–434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steckel, LE, Gwathmey, CO (2009) Glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) growth, seed production, and interference in cotton. Weed Sci 57:346–350CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, JR, Mohler, CL (2000) The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci 48:385–392CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trezzi, M, Balbinot, A Jr., Benin, G, Debastiani, F, Patel, F, Miotto, E Jr. (2013) Competitive ability of soybean cultivars with horseweed (Conyza bonariensis). Planta Daninha 31:543–550CrossRefGoogle Scholar
USDA NRCS (2015) Virginia NRCS Cover Crop Planning Manual 1.0. Virginia Technical Note, Agronomy #10. https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/VA/VA_TN10_Agronomy.pdf. Accessed: November 13, 2017Google Scholar
Van Acker, RC, Swanton, CJ, Weise, SF (1993) The critical period of weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Weed Sci 42:194–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VanGessel, MJ (2001) Glyphosate-resistant horseweed from Delaware. Weed Sci 49:703–705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wayman, S, Cogger, C, Benedict, C, Burke, I, Collins, D, Bary, A (2014) The influence of cover crop variety, termination timing and termination method on mulch, weed cover and soil nitrate in reduced-tillage organic systems. Renew Agr Food Syst 30:450–460CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, JB (1990) Behavior of dinitroaniline herbicides in soils. Weed Technol 4:394–406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, MS, Hayes, RM, Steckel, LE (2016) Evaluating cover crops and herbicides for glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control in cotton. Weed Technol 30: 415–422CrossRefGoogle Scholar