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Glyphosate Response to Calcium, Ethoxylated Amine Surfactant, and Ammonium Sulfate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christian Gauvrit
Christian Gauvrit*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Malherbologie et Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biologie et Gestion des Adventices, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Calcium ion in the spray water can reduce glyphosate efficacy. Ammonium sulfate (AMS) is commonly added to the spray tank to overcome the reduced efficacy. However, it is sometimes claimed that ethoxylated tallow amine surfactant (EA) is also efficacious, provided that calcium concentration is moderate (= 5 mM, 200 ppm). On response curves of ‘Plaisant’ barley treated with glyphosate, the presence of calcium ion increased the glyphosate dose needed to obtain 50% (ED 50 ) barley growth reduction. The addition of AMS to the spray tank overcame the antagonistic effect of the calcium ion and restored glyphosate efficacy. EA was less effective than AMS at 5 or 10 mM calcium ion concentration as measured by ED 50 . However, at 90% growth reduction (ED 90 ), EA was more effective than AMS at the 5 mM calcium ion concentration but less effective at the 10 mM concentration. Hence, at a moderate (= 5 mM) calcium concentration, EA would be an effective adjuvant. Calcium ion decreased the foliar uptake of glyphosate but did not affect the rate of uptake. AMS but not EA restored foliar uptake to values observed without calcium ion. EA increased spray retention, and this probably accounted for the increased glyphosate efficacy at low calcium concentration.

Keywords

Glyphosatebarley, Hordeum vulgare LAmmonium sulfatebioassaydose–response curveethoxylated tallow aminefoliar uptakespray retentionAMS, ammonium sulfateEA, ethoxylated tallow amineSE, standard error
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 2003 , pp. 799 - 804
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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