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Glucosinolate Production by Five Field-Grown Brassica napus Cultivars Used as Green Manures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Charlotte V. Eberlein ,
Matthew J. Morra ,
Mary J. Guttieri ,
Paul D. Brown  and
Jack Brown
Charlotte V. Eberlein
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Matthew J. Morra
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Mary J. Guttieri
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Paul D. Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Jack Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 and Moscow, ID 83844-2339
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Abstract

Winter rape (Brassica napus L.) green manures have shown potential for erosion control and suppression of weeds and other pests in potato cropping systems. However, little information on residue cover, biomass production, glucosinolate concentration, and glucosinolate production with winter rape grown as a green manure is available. In field trials in southern Idaho, ‘Aspen,’ ‘Bridger,’ ‘Cascade,’ ‘Dwarf Essex,’ and ‘Humus’ winter rape were planted in mid-August and incorporated the following spring in late April or early May. All five cultivars provided > 80% fall, winter, and early spring residue cover. Winter rape dry weight just before incorporation was 2,880 to 4,462 kg/ha in 1994 and 5,438 to 7,837 kg/ha in 1995. The major glucosinolate in roots of all five cultivars was phenylethyl glucosinolate; the major glucosinolates in shoots were 4-pentenyl, 2-hydroxybutenyl, 3-butenyl, and 2-hydroxypentenyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between years, but concentrations were higher in Dwarf Essex and Humus than in Aspen both years. Glucosinolate production per hectare also was highest in Dwarf Essex and Humus and lowest in Aspen. Dwarf Essex and Humus produced higher amounts of isothiocyanate (ITC) and oxazolidinethione (OZT)-producing glucosinolates than Aspen, Bridger, or Cascade, and therefore may be better biofumigants.

Keywords

Winter rapepotato, Solanum tuberosum L.Allelochemicalsallelopathybiofumigantscover cropspotatosustainable agricultureGC, gas chromatographyITC, isothiocyanateOZT, oxazolidinethione
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , December 1998 , pp. 712 - 718
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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