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Evaluation of Alternative Herbicides for Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) Control in St. Augustinegrass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian D. Glenn ,
Barry J. Brecke ,
J. Bryan Unruh ,
Jason A. Ferrell ,
Kevin E. Kenworthy  and
Greg E. MacDonald
Brian D. Glenn*
Affiliation:
West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32583
Barry J. Brecke
Affiliation:
West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32583
J. Bryan Unruh
Affiliation:
West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32583
Jason A. Ferrell
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Kevin E. Kenworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Greg E. MacDonald
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Southern crabgrass is a common turfgrass weed throughout the United States, and in Florida a troublesome problem in St. Augustinegrass lawns. Because of herbicide label changes and lack of herbicide tolerance, no POST herbicides are currently registered for homeowner use for crabgrass control in residential and commercial St. Augustinegrass lawns. Alternative weed control methods, including cultural practices and unconventional herbicides, have been investigated to a limited extent for postemergence crabgrass control. In this study, alternative herbicides evaluated included 30% acetic acid, borax, sodium bicarbonate, and Garden Weasel AG Crabgrass Killer (sodium bicarbonate formulation including cinnamon, wheat and corn flour, and cumin). Treatments were applied to southern crabgrass at three growth stages (one to two leaf, three to four leaf, or one to two tiller). In the greenhouse, 30% acetic acid applied twice at 280 L ha−1 and two rates of AG Crabgrass Killer at 976 or 1,465 kg ha−1 provided ≥ 70% control of one to two–leaf southern crabgrass when evaluated 7 d after initial application (DAIA). No treatment provided > 70% control of three to four–leaf or one to two–tiller southern crabgrass or any size crabgrass beyond 7 DAIA. In field trials, no treatment provided acceptable (≥ 70%) southern crabgrass control at any weed stage. Initial turf injury was unacceptable for most rates of 30% acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, and AG Crabgrass Killer, causing > 20% St. Augustinegrass injury 7 DAIA. By 21 DAIA, turf injury levels had fallen to ≤ 20% for most treatments. Because of high turfgrass injury and little residual control, alternative herbicides tested are not an effective substitute for using preemergence herbicides for southern crabgrass control. If other options are not available, they may have a role as a limited spot treatment in St. Augustinegrass.

Digitaria ciliaris es una maleza común en céspedes a lo largo de los Estados Unidos, y en Florida es problemática en el césped para jardín St. Augustine. Debido a cambios en las etiquetas de herbicidas y la ausencia de tolerancia a herbicidas, actualmente no hay herbicidas POST registrados para uso por parte de los dueños de hogares para el control de D. ciliaris, en céspedes St. Augustine en zonas residenciales y comerciales. Métodos de control de malezas alternativos, incluyendo prácticas culturales y herbicidas no convencionales han sido investigados en forma limitada para el control en pos-emergencia de D. ciliaris. En este estudio, se evaluaron herbicidas alternativos incluyendo acetic acid al 30%, borax, sodium bicarbonate, y Garden Weasel AG Crabgrass Killer (formulación de sodium bicarbonate incluyendo harinas de canela, trigo y maíz y cumin). Los tratamientos fueron aplicados a D. ciliaris en tres estadios de crecimiento (una a dos hojas, tres a cuatro hojas, y uno a dos hijuelos). En el invernadero, acetic acid al 30% aplicado dos veces a 280 L ha−1 y dos dosis de AG Crabgrass Killer a 976 ó 1,465 kg ha−1 brindaron ≥ 70% de control de D. ciliaris de una a dos hojas, cuando se evaluó 7 d después de la aplicación inicial (DAIA). Ningún tratamiento brindó > 70% de control en D. ciliaris de tres a cuatro hojas o de uno a dos hijuelos, o en ninguno de los estadios de crecimiento más allá de 7 DAIA. En los experimentos de campo, ningún tratamiento brindó un control aceptable (> 70%) de D. ciliaris en ninguno de los estadios de crecimiento. El daño inicial en el césped fue inaceptable para la mayoría de las dosis de acetic acid al 30%, sodium bicarbonate, y AG Crabgrass Killer, las cuales causaron > 20% de daño en el césped St. Augustine 7 DAIA. A 21 DAIA, el daño en el césped había caído a ≤ 20% en la mayoría de los tratamientos. Debido al alto daño causado al césped y el poco control residual, los herbicidas alternativos evaluados no son un sustituto efectivo para el uso de herbicidas en preemergencia para el control de D. ciliaris. Si no hay otras opciones, estos herbicidas alternativos podrían tiene un rol limitado para el control con aplicaciones dirigidas en el césped St. Augustine.

Keywords

Acetic acidsouthern crabgrass, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) KuntzeOrganicnatural product herbicidesweed managementbaking sodaacetic acid
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 536 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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