Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:04:16.783Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecological Characteristics of Three Winter Annual Grasses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. L. Anderson
R. L. Anderson*
Affiliation:
Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, CO 80720
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Producers rely on cultural practices to manage downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and feral rye in winter wheat because there are no effective herbicides for in-crop control. This study characterized seedling emergence, growth, and development of these winter annual grasses, with the goal of suggesting or improving cultural control strategies. Feral rye seedlings emerged within 4 wk, whereas downy brome and jointed goatgrass seedlings emerged over a 10-wk period. Emergence patterns of these grasses suggest that delay of winter wheat planting may be effective in reducing feral rye densities, but this strategy most likely will be ineffective with downy brome or jointed goatgrass. Downy brome began anthesis 1 to 2 wk earlier than the other two grasses and winter wheat. Both downy brome and jointed goatgrass were shorter than winter wheat during the growing season, whereas feral rye was at least as tall as wheat. Producers mow infested wheat to prevent weed seed production, but this practice may not be effective with jointed goatgrass and downy brome because of their short stature and downy brome's earlier development. Conversely, mowing has potential in preventing feral rye seed production. The grasses produced between 340 and 770 seeds/ plant.

Keywords

Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. # BROTEferal rye, Secale spp.jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica Host # AEGCYwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘TAM 107.'Cultural practicesplant developmentseedling emergenceAEGCYBROTEGDD, growing degree day
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 1998 , pp. 478 - 483
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aldrich, R. J. 1984. Weed-Crop Ecology: Principles in Weed Management. North Scituate, MA: Breton Publishers. 450 p.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L. 1989. Emergence Pattern of Downy Brome and its Correlation with Precipitation. Newark, CA: Western Society of Weed Science Research Rep. 463 p.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L. 1993. Growth characteristics of winter annual grasses in winter wheat. Newark CA: Western Society of Weed Science Research Rep.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L. 1994. Management strategies for winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat. In Murphy, L. S., ed. Proc. Intensive Wheat Management Conference. March 10–11, 1994. Denver CO: Phosphate & Potash Institute and Foundation for Agricultural Research. pp. 114–122.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L. 1996. Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) emergence variability in a semiarid region. Weed Technol. 10:750–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R. L. 1997. Cultural systems can reduce reproductive potential of winter annual grasses. Weed Technol. 11:608–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, D. A., Klepper, B., and Rydrych, D. J. 1995. Comparative above-ground development rates for several annual grass weeds and cereal grains. Weed Sci. 43:410–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challaiah, O. C. Burnside, Wicks, G. A., and Johnson, V. A. 1986. Competition between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci. 34:689–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, R. J. and Veseth, R. J. 1991. Holistic health for wheat. In Wheat Health Management. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathology Society Press. pp. 137–144.Google Scholar
Derr, J. F., Monaco, T. J., and Sheets, T. J. 1985. Response of three annual grasses to fluazifop. Weed Sci. 33:693–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donald, W. W. and Ogg, A. G. Jr. 1991. Biology and control of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), a review. Weed Technol. 5:3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotray, P. A. and Young, F. L. 1993. Characterization of root and shoot development of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Sci. 41:353–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, K. L., Peeper, T. F., and Epplin, F. M. 1990. Economic returns from cheat (Bromus secalinus) control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 4:306–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. London: Academic Press. 780 p.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K., Williams, C. S., and Wax, L. M. 1985. Interference and control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 33:203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtzer, T., Anderson, R., McMullen, M., and Peairs, F. 1996. Integrated pest management for insects, plant pathogens, and weeds in dryland cropping systems of the Great Plains. J. Prod. Agric. 9:200–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Justice, G. G., Peeper, T. F., Solie, J. B., and Epplin, F. M. 1993. Net returns from cheat (Bromus secalinus) control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 7:459–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koscelny, J. A., Peeper, T. F., Solie, J. B., and Solomon, S. G. Jr. 1990. Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) row spacing, seeding rate, and cultivar on yield loss from cheat (Bromus secalinus). Weed Technol. 4:487–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koscelny, J. A., Peeper, T. F., Solie, J. B., and Solomon, S. G. Jr. 1991. Seeding date, seeding rate, and row spacing affect wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cheat (Bromus secalinus). Weed Technol. 5:707–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, B., Brelsford, M., Jasieniuk, M., et al. 1996. Development of a bioeconomic model for jointed goatgrass. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 49:110–112.Google Scholar
McMasters, G. S. and Smika, D. E. 1988. Estimation and evaluation of winter wheat phenology in the central Great Plains. Agric. Forest Meteor. 43:1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. D. 1990. Integrated weed management in conservation tillage cropping systems. Proc. Conserv. Tillage Symp. Great Plains Agric. Council Publ. 131:253–258.Google Scholar
Musick, J. T. and Winter, S. R. 1994. Effect of wheat planting date on soil water extraction, growth, and yield. In Murphy, L. S., ed. Proc. Intensive Wheat Management Conference. March 10–11, 1994. Denver, CO: Phosphate & Potash Institute and Foundation for Agricultural Research. pp. 144–157.Google Scholar
Radosevich, S. R. and Ghersa, C. M. 1992. Weeds, crops, and herbicides: a modern-day “neckriddle”. Weed Technol. 6:788–795.Google Scholar
Sagar, G. R. and Mortimer, A. M. 1976. An approach to the study of the population dynamics of plants with special reference to weeds. Appl. Biol. 1:1–47.Google Scholar
Solie, J. B., Solomon, S. G. Jr., Self, K. P., Peeper, T. F., and Koscelny, J. A. 1991. Reduced row spacing for improved wheat yields on weed-free and weed-infested fields. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 34:1654–1660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staniforth, D. W. and Wiese, A. F. 1985. Weed biology and its relationship to weed control in limited-tillage systems. In Wiese, A. F., ed. Weed Control in Limited Tillage Systems. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Monogr. 2:77–92.Google Scholar
Swinton, S. M. and King, R. P. 1994. A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean. Agric. Syst. 44:313–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Upadhyaya, M. K., Turkington, R., and McIlvride, D. 1986. The biology of Canada weeds. 75. Bromus tectorum L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:689–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicks, G. A. 1984. Integrated systems for control and management of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in cropland. Weed Sci. 32(Suppl. 1): 26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicks, G. A., Popken, D. H., and Lowery, S. R. 1989. Survey of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) stubble fields sprayed with herbicides after harvest in 1986. Weed Technol. 3:244–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicks, G. A. and Smika, D. E. 1990. Central Great Plains. In Donald, W. W. ed. Systems of Weed Control in Wheat in North America. Champaign. IL: Weed Science Society of America. pp. 127–157.Google Scholar