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Distribution of herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) across row crop production systems in Texas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2019

Vijay Singh ,
Russ Garetson ,
Josh McGinty ,
Peter Dotray ,
Gaylon Morgan ,
Scott Nolte  and
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan Open the ORCID record for Muthukumar Bagavathiannan [Opens in a new window]
Vijay Singh
Affiliation:
Assistant Research Scientist, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Russ Garetson
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Josh McGinty
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
Peter Dotray
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Gaylon Morgan
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Scott Nolte
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Assistant Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We conducted a survey in the major row-crop production regions of Texas to determine the response of waterhemp to glyphosate (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase [EPSPS] inhibitor), atrazine (photosystem II [PSII] inhibitor), pyrithiobac (acetolactate synthase [ALS] inhibitor), tembotrione (hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase [HPPD] inhibitor), fomesafen (protoporphyrinogen oxidase [PPO] inhibitor), and dicamba (synthetic auxin). We evaluated 127 accessions for these herbicides. Resistance was confirmed on the basis of plant survival within an accession, and the injury ratings of surviving plants were used to categorize each accession as resistant (<50% injury) or less sensitive (50% to 89% injury). For glyphosate, approximately 27% of all tested accessions were resistant and 20% were less sensitive. The Gulf Coast region had the most glyphosate-resistant accessions (46% of the accessions from this region), followed by the Blacklands region (9%). A dose-response assay of the most resistant waterhemp accession (TX-25) exhibited 17-fold resistance to glyphosate when compared with a susceptible standard. Waterhemp resistance to atrazine also was common in the Gulf Coast region. The accession with the greatest atrazine resistance (TX-31) exhibited 47- and 68-fold resistance to this herbicide when applied POST and PRE, respectively. Widespread resistance to pyrithiobac was observed in waterhemp accessions throughout the Blacklands and Gulf Coast regions. The most resistant accession identified in this study was 61-fold resistant compared with a susceptible standard. No high-level resistance was detected for tembotrione, dicamba, or fomesafen, but high variability in sensitivity to tembotrione and dicamba was observed. One waterhemp accession exhibited reduced sensitivity to fomesafen; the rest were sensitive. Overall, at least two accessions exhibited resistance or reduced sensitivity to herbicides with five different sites of action. The study illustrates the prevalence of multiple herbicide resistance in waterhemp accessions in Texas and emphasizes the need to implement diversified management tactics.

Keywords

Michael Walsh, University of SydneyAtrazinefomesafenglyphosatehydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenasepyrithiobactembotrionewaterhempAmaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. SauerDose responsemultiple herbicide resistancerecurrent selectionresistance surveysite of action
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 129 - 139
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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