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Cross-resistance to atrazine and metribuzin in multiple herbicide-resistant kochia accessions: confirmation, mechanism, and management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2020

Vipan Kumar Open the ORCID record for Vipan Kumar [Opens in a new window] ,
Rui Liu ,
Randall S. Currie ,
Prashant Jha ,
Sarah Morran ,
Todd Gaines  and
Phillip W. Stahlman
Vipan Kumar*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS, USA
Rui Liu
Affiliation:
Assistant Scientist, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS, USA
Randall S. Currie
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Kansas State University, Southwest Research and Extension Center, Garden City, KS, USA
Prashant Jha
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, IA, USA
Sarah Morran
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Todd Gaines
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Colorado State University, Department of Agricultural Biology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Phillip W. Stahlman
Affiliation:
Emeritus Professor, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Vipan Kumar, Assistant Professor, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center, 1232 240th Ave., Hays, KS 67601. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Kochia accessions (designated as KS-4A and KS-4H) collected from a corn field near Garden City, KS, have previously shown multiple resistance to glyphosate, dicamba, and fluroxypyr. These accessions were also suspected as being resistant to photosystem II (PS II) inhibitors. The main objectives of this research were to 1) confirm the coexistence of cross-resistance to PS II inhibitors (atrazine and metribuzin) applied PRE and POST, 2) investigate the underlying mechanism of PS II-inhibitor resistance, and 3) determine the effectiveness of alternative POST herbicides for control of these multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) kochia accessions. Results from dose-response experiments revealed that the KS-4A and KS-4H kochia accessions were 23-fold to 48-fold resistant to PRE- and POST-applied atrazine and 13-fold to 18-fold resistant to POST-applied metribuzin compared to a known susceptible kochia accession (KS-SUS). Both accessions also showed putative resistance to PRE-applied metribuzin that needs to be confirmed. Sequence analyses of the psbA gene further revealed that all samples from the KS-4A and KS-4H kochia accessions had a Ser264Gly point mutation. A pretreatment with malathion followed by a POST application of atrazine at 1,120 g ha−1 or metribuzin at 630 g ha−1 did not reverse the resistance phenotypes of these MHR accessions. In a separate greenhouse study, alternative POST herbicides, including bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil; bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole; paraquat alone or in combination with atrazine, metribuzin, 2,4-D, or saflufenacil; and saflufenacil alone or in combination with 2,4-D effectively controlled the KS-4H accession (≥97% injury). To our knowledge, this research reports the first case of kochia accessions with cross-resistance to PRE-applied atrazine and POST-applied metribuzin. Growers should adopt diversified weed control strategies, including the use of competitive crops, cover crops, targeted tillage, and harvest weed seed control along with effective alternative PRE and POST herbicides with multiple sites of action to control MHR kochia seedbanks on their production fields.

Keywords

Atrazine resistancemetribuzin resistancecross-resistancemultiple herbicide resistancePOST herbicidesAtrazinebicyclopyronebromoxynildicambafluroxypyrglufosinatemetribuzinparaquat24-DsaflufenacilkochiaBassia scoparia L.cornZea mays L.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , August 2021 , pp. 539 - 546
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: R. Joseph Wuerffel, Syngenta

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