Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T05:34:53.640Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cost-Effective Long-Term Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rodney G. Lym  and
Calvin G. Messersmith
Rodney G. Lym
Affiliation:
Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Crop and Weed Sci. Dep., N. D. State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Four herbicide treatments applied in the spring or fall were evaluated for leafy spurge control and forage production in eastern and western North Dakota during a 5-yr experiment. All treatments gradually reduced the leafy spurge infestation at both locations except 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae ha-1 applied annually in the spring or fall and picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae ha-1 applied annually in the fall. The most cost effective treatment was picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring which provided a net return of $284 and $108/ha in eastern and western North Dakota, respectively, and averaged 80% leafy spurge control. Picloram at 2.2 kg ha-1 was reapplied only when leafy spurge control declined to less than 70% and provided a net return of $96/ha in eastern North Dakota, but a net loss of $235/ha in western North Dakota. Dicamba at 9 kg ae ha-1 was applied up to four times to maintain 70% control with an average net loss of $458/ha. Total potential production and value of forage will determine if a specific treatment is cost effective in any one location.

Keywords

Dicamba, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acidpicloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acidleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. ♯3 EPHES.;Forage productiondicambapicloram2,4-D
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 4 , Issue 3 , September 1990 , pp. 635 - 641
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alley, H.P., Humburg, N.E., Fornstrom, J. K., and Ferrell, M. 1984. Leafy spurge control with repetitive herbicide treatments. Res. Weed Sci., Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. J. 192:90–93.Google Scholar
2. Hein, D. G. 1988. Single and repetitive picloram treatments on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and resulting changes in shoot density, canopy cover, forage production, and utilization by cattle. PhD. diesis. Univ. of Wyo. Univ. Microfilms. Ann Arbor, MI (Diss. Abstr. AAD88-27917).Google Scholar
3. Lym, R. G., and Kirby, D. R. 1987. Cattle foraging behavior in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)-infested rangeland. Weed Technol. 1:314–318.Google Scholar
4. Lym, R. G., and Messersmith, C. G. 1985. Cost effectiveness of leafy spurge control during a five-year management program. N. D. Farm Res. 43(1):7–9, 14.Google Scholar
5. Lym, R. G., and Messersmith, C. G. 1985. A summary of leafy spurge control with herbicides in North Dakota since 1963. N. D. Farm Res. 43(1):3–6.Google Scholar
6. Lym, R. G., and Messersmith, C. G. 1985. Leafy spurge control with herbicides in North Dakota: 20-year summary. J. Range Manage. 38:149–154.Google Scholar
7. Lym, R. G., and Messersmith, C. G. 1985. Leafy spurge control and improved forage production with herbicides. J. Range Manage. 38:386–391.Google Scholar
8. Lym, R. G., and Messersmith, C.G. 1987. Leafy spurge control and herbicide residue from annual picloram and 2,4-D application. J. Range Manage. 40:194–198.Google Scholar
9. Messersmith, C. G., and Lym, R. G. 1983. Distribution and economic impacts of leafy spurge in North Dakota. N. D. Farm Res. 40(5):8–13.Google Scholar
10. Messersmith, C. G., and Lym, R. G. 1985. Roller application of picloram for leafy spurge control in pasture. Weed Sci. 33:258–262.Google Scholar
11. Moxness, K. D., and Lym, R. G. 1989. Environment and spray additive effects on picloram absorption and translocation in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). Weed Sci. 37:181–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. North Dakota Agricultural Statistics. 1989. N. D. Agric. Statistics Serv., No. 58. Bismarck, ND.Google Scholar
13. Reilly, W., and Kaufman, K. R. 1979. The social and economic impact of leafy spurge in Montana. p. 21–24 in Proceedings: Leafy spurge symposium. N. D. State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv., Unnumbered publication.Google Scholar
14. Statistical Analysis System Institute. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Cary, NC.Google Scholar
15. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1984. Technical guide. Notice ND-35. Bismarck, ND.Google Scholar
16. Wright, M. R., Schaar, J. R., and Tillotson, S. J. 1982. Soil survey of Dunn County, North Dakota. USDA Soil Conserv. Serv., Bismarck, ND.Google Scholar