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Control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) at two heights with POST herbicides in Nebraska popcorn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2020

Ethann R. Barnes Open the ORCID record for Ethann R. Barnes [Opens in a new window] ,
Stevan Z. Knezevic ,
Nevin C. Lawrence ,
Suat Irmak ,
Oscar Rodriguez  and
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window]
Ethann R. Barnes
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; current: Biology Data Management Scientist, GreenLight Biosciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Affiliation:
Professor, Northeast Research and Extension Center, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Concord, NE, USA
Nevin C. Lawrence
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, USA
Suat Irmak
Affiliation:
Harold W. Eberhard Distinguished Professor, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Oscar Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; current: Principal Development Scientist, Conagra Brands Inc, Brookston, IN, USA
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Amit J. Jhala, PhD, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 279 Plant Science Hall, PO Box 830915, Lincoln, NE68583. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Velvetleaf is an economically important weed in popcorn production fields in Nebraska. Many PRE herbicides in popcorn have limited residual activity or provide partial velvetleaf control. There are a limited number of herbicides applied POST in popcorn compared with field corn, necessitating the evaluation of POST herbicides for control of velvetleaf. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the efficacy and crop safety of labeled POST herbicides for controlling velvetleaf that survived S-metolachlor/atrazine applied PRE and (2) determine the effect of velvetleaf height on POST herbicide efficacy, popcorn injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 near Clay Center, Nebraska. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot treatments were velvetleaf height (≤15 cm and ≤30 cm) and subplot treatments included a no-POST herbicide control, and 11 POST herbicide programs. Fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiacet-methyl/mesotrione, carfentrazone-ethyl, dicamba, and dicamba/diflufenzopyr provided greater than 96% velvetleaf control 28 d after treatment (DAT), reduced velvetleaf density to fewer than 7 plants m−2, achieved 99% to 100% biomass reduction, and had no effect on popcorn yield. Herbicide programs tested in this study provided greater than 98% control of velvetleaf 28 DAT in 2019. Most POST herbicide programs in this study provided greater than 90% control of up to 15 cm and up to 30 cm velvetleaf and no differences between velvetleaf heights in density, biomass reduction, or popcorn yield were observed, except with topramezone and nicosulfuron/mesotrione 28 DAT in 2018. On the basis of contrast analysis, herbicide programs with fluthiacet-methyl or dicamba provided better control than herbicide programs without them at 28 DAT in 2018. It is concluded that POST herbicides are available for control of velvetleaf up to 30-cm tall in popcorn production fields.

Keywords

Efficacyescaped weedslate-season controlweed densityweed biomass reductionyieldAtrazinecarfentrazone-ethyldicambadiflufenzopyrfluthiacet-methylmesotrioneS-metolachlornicosulfurontopramezonevelvetleafAbutilon theophrasti Medikfield corn, Zea mays L. var. indentatapopcorn, Zea mays L. var. everta
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , August 2020 , pp. 560 - 567
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Johnson, Purdue University

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