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Control of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Artillery Range Trials at Ft. Riley, Kansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Walter H. Fick ,
Wayne A. Geyer  and
John Barbur
Walter H. Fick*
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Wayne A. Geyer
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
John Barbur
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Defense, Ft. Riley, KS
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Military bases in the United States were mandated to reduce the amount of pesticide used to 50% of 1993 levels by 2000. Historically, 2,4-D was applied to control common sunflower, which establishes itself in disturbed soils and obstructs gunners' views of targets. A 25-ha lowland field in Camp Forsyth was selected to compare efficacy of alternative herbicides with that of 2,4-D low-volatile ester (LVE), with the goal of reducing the amount of herbicide applied by at least half. Site vegetation was mostly native tallgrass prairie dominated by warm-season C4 grasses (e.g., big bluestem, Indiangrass, little bluestem, and switchgrass) and including less abundant C3 species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, and other families. Initially, the site had a high population of common sunflower. All herbicide treatments from 3 yr of field trials were highly and equally effective at reducing common sunflower, decreasing stem density by 83 to100%. Treatments that offer substantial reductions in the amount of herbicide applied are chlorimuron (0.01 kg ae/ha), dicamba + 2,4-D amine (0.07 kg ae/ha + 0.20 kg ae/ha), clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (0.06 kg ae/ha + 0.28 kg ae/ha), 2,4-D LVE (0.56 kg ae/ha), and metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine (0.002 kg ai/ha + 0.28 kg ae/ha). Use of these herbicides at Ft. Riley would reduce total active ingredient applied by 73 to 99% and lower chemical costs for this particular use by as much as 88%.

Keywords

Chlorimuronclopyraliddicambametsulfuron2,4-Dcommon sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.Herbicide costsherbicide efficacy
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , December 2009 , pp. 540 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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