Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:26:45.893Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chemical termination of cover crop rapeseed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2019

M. Carter Askew ,
Charles W. Cahoon Jr. Open the ORCID record for Charles W. Cahoon Jr. [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael L. Flessner ,
Mark J. VanGessel ,
David B. Langston Jr.  and
J. Harrison Ferebee IV
M. Carter Askew
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech–Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VA, USA
Charles W. Cahoon Jr.*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Michael L. Flessner
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Mark J. VanGessel
Affiliation:
Professor and Extension Weed Science Specialist, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Carvel Research and Education Center, Georgetown, DE, USA
David B. Langston Jr.
Affiliation:
Professor and Director of Tidewater AREC, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech–Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA, USA;
J. Harrison Ferebee IV
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech–Eastern Shore AREC, Painter, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Charles W. Cahoon Jr., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 101 Derieux Place, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Rapeseed is a popular cover crop choice due to its deep-growing taproot, which creates soil macropores and increases water infiltration. Brassicaceae spp. that are mature or at later growth stages can be troublesome to control. Experiments were conducted in Delaware and Virginia to evaluate herbicides for terminating rapeseed cover crops. Two separate experiments, adjacent to each other, were established to evaluate rapeseed termination by 14 herbicide treatments at two timings. Termination timings included an early and late termination to simulate rapeseed termination prior to planting corn and soybean, respectively, for the region. At three locations where rapeseed height averaged 12 cm at early termination and 52 cm at late termination, glyphosate + 2,4-D was most effective, controlling rapeseed 96% 28 d after early termination (DAET). Paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (92%), glyphosate + saflufenacil (91%), glyphosate + dicamba (91%), and glyphosate (86%) all provided at least 80% control 28 DAET. Rapeseed biomass followed a similar trend. Paraquat + 2,4-D (85%), glyphosate + 2,4-D (82%), and paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (81%) were the only treatments that provided at least 80% control 28 d after late termination (DALT). Herbicide efficacy was less at Painter in 2017, where rapeseed height was 41 cm at early termination, and 107 cm at late termination. No herbicide treatments controlled rapeseed >80% 28 DAET or 28 DALT at this location. Herbicide termination of rapeseed is best when the plant is small; termination of large rapeseed plants may require mechanical of other methods beyond herbicides.

Keywords

Robert Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaAtrazinedicambaglyphosatemesotrioneparaquatsaflufenacil2,4-Drapeseed, Brassica napus L.corn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max L. Merr.Burndowncultural controlintegrated weed managementvolunteer cover crop
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 686 - 692
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcantara, C, Sanchez, S, Pujadas, A, Saavedra, M (2009) Brassica species as winter cover crops in sustainable agricultural systems in southern Spain. J Sustain Agr 33:619–635CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[AOF] Australian Oilseeds Federation (2014) Canola volunteer control. http://www.australianoilseeds.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/9261/Canola_volunteer_control_guide_-_2014.pdf. Accessed: February 8, 2018Google Scholar
Bangarwa, SK, Norsworthy, JK, Gbur, EE (2009) Integration of Brassicaceae cover crop with herbicides in plasticulture tomato. Weed Technol 23:280–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behdarvand, P, Chinchanikar, GS, Dhumal, KN, Baghestani, MA (2013) Effects of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L.) densities on grain yield and yield components of wheat in response to various levels of nitrogen. Adv Environ Biol 7:1082–1087Google Scholar
Bell, DT, Muller, CH (1973) Dominance of California annual grasslands by Brassica nigra. Am Midl Nat 90:277–299CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blau, PA, Feeny, P, Contardo, L, Robson, DS (1978) Allylglucosinolate and herbivorous caterpillars: a contrast in toxicity and tolerance. Science 200:1296–1298CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowman, G, Shirley, C, Cramer, G (2007) Benefits of cover crops. Pages 9–11 in Clark, A, ed. Managing Cover Crops Profitably. Beltsville, MD: Sustainable Agriculture Research and EducationGoogle Scholar
Brennan, EB, Smith, RF (2005) Winter cover crop growth and weed suppression on the central coast of California. Weed Technol 19:1017–1024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, PD, Morra, MJ (1996) Hydrolysis products of glucosinolates in Brassica napus tissues as inhibitors of seed germination. Plant Soil 181:307–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, PD, Morra, MJ (1997) Control of soil-borne plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants. Adv Agron 61:167–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee-Finley, KA, Mirsky, SB, Ryan, MR (2017) Crop biomass not species richness drives weed suppression in warm-season annual grass–legume intercrops in the Northeast. Weed Sci 65:669–680CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahoon, C (2016) Wild Mustard and Wild Radish. http://blogs.ext.vt.edu/ag-pest-advisory/files/2016/11/Problem-Weed-Mustard-and-Radish.pdf. Accessed: February 8, 2018Google Scholar
Cahoon, CW, York, AC, Jordan, DL, Seagroves, RW, Everman, WJ, Jennings, KM (2015) Sequential and co-application of glyphosate and glufosinate in cotton. J Cotton Sci 19: 337–350Google Scholar
Caseley, J (1983) The Effect of Weather on Herbicide Performance. EPPO Bull 13:171–176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, G, Clark, A, Kremen, A, Lawley, Y, Price, A, Stocking, L, Weil, R (2007) Brassicas and mustards. Pages 81–90 in Clark, A, ed. Managing Cover Crops Profitably. 3rd edn. College Park, MD: Sustainable Agriculture Research and EducationGoogle Scholar
Chen, GH, Weil, RR (2010) Penetration of cover crop roots through compacted soils. Plant Soil 331:31–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, G, Weil, RR (2011) Root growth and yield of maize affected by soil compaction and cover crops. Soil Till Res 117:17–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culpepper, S (2009) Managing Wild Radish in Wheat. =https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/12202/C839.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed: February 8, 2018Google Scholar
Curran, W, Lingenfelter, D, Johnson, Q, VanGessel, M, Vollmer, K, Schulz, B, Besancon, T, Cahoon, C, Flessner, M, Hines, T, Chandran, R (2018) Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide. Publ. AGRS-136. State College, PA: Penn State Extension ServiceGoogle Scholar
Dean, WE (1974) Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J Sediment Petrol 44:242–248Google Scholar
DiTomaso, JM, Kyser, GB, Oneto, SR, Wilson, RG, Orloff, SB, Anderson, LW, Wright, SD, Roncoroni, JA, Miller, TL, Prather, TS, Ransom, C, Beck, KG, Duncan, C, Wilson, KA, Mann, JJ (2013) Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. Weed Research and Information Center, University of California–Davis. p. 544Google Scholar
Dunnett, CW (1955) A multicomparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. J Am Stat Assoc 50:1096–1121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberlein, CV, Morra, MJ, Guttieri, MJ, Brown, PD, Brown, J (1998) Glucosinolate production by five field-grown Brassica napus cultivars used as green manures. Weed Technol 12:712–718CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrell, JA, Sellers, B, MacDonald, GE, Leon, R (2015) Wild Radish—Biology and Control. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/WG/WG21500.pdf. Accessed: February 8, 2018Google Scholar
Finney, DM, White, CM, Kaye, JP (2016) Biomass production and carbon/nitrogen ratio ecosystem services from cover crop mixtures. Agron J 108:39–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gieske, MF, Ackroyd, VJ, Baas, DG, Mutch, DR, Wyse, DL, Durgan, BR (2016) Brassica cover crop effects on nitrogen availability and oat and corn yield. Agron J 108:151–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamza, MA, Anderson, WK (2005) Soil compaction in cropping systems—a review of the nature, causes and possible solutions. Soil Till Res 82:121–145CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haramoto, ER, Gallandt, ER (2005) Brassica cover cropping: I. Effects on weed and crop establishment. Weed Sci 53:695–701CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeling, JW, Henniger, CG, Abernathy, JR (1989) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) control in conservation tillage cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol 3:399–401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krato, C, Petersen, J (2012) Competitiveness and yield impact of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Plant Dis Protect 119:74–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mannering, JV, Griffith, DR, Johnson, KD (2007) Winter cover crops—their value and management. https://www.hort.purdue.edu/tristate_organic/cover_crops_fert_2007/3-wintercovercropsAY-247.pdf. Accessed: July 9, 2019Google Scholar
Mirsky, SB, Ryan, MR, Teasdale, JR, Curran, WS, Reberg-Horton, CS, Spargo, JT, Wells, MS, Keene, CL, Moyer, JW (2013) Overcoming weed management challenges in cover crop–based organic rotational no-till soybean production in the Eastern United States. Weed Technol 27:193–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mojtahedi, H, Santo, G, Wilson, J, Hang, AN (1993) Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as green manure. Plant Dis 77:42–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muehlchen, A, Rand, R, Parke, J (1990) Evaluation of crucifer green manures for controlling Aphanomyces root rot of peas. Plant Dis 74:651–654CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, McClelland, M, Griffith, G, Bangarwa, SK, Still, J (2011) Evaluation of cereal and Brassicaceae cover crops in conservation-tillage, enhanced, glyphosate-resistant cotton. Weed Technol 25:6–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Donovan, JR, Harker, KN, Dew, DA (2008) Effect of density and time of removal of volunteer canola (Brassica rapa L.) on yield loss of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Can J Plant Sci 88:839–842CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, J, Belz, R, Walker, F, Hurle, K (2001) Weed suppression by release of isothiocyanates from turnip–rape mulch. Agron J 93:37–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, JF, Doran, JW (1988) Role of crop residue management in nitrogen cycling and use. Pages 101–113 in Hargrove, WL, ed. Cropping Strategies for Efficient Use of Water and Nitrogen. ASA Special Publication 51. Madison, WI: ASA, CSSA, and SSSAGoogle Scholar
Reddy, KN, Zablotowicz, RM, Locke, MA, Koger, CH (2003) Cover crop, tillage, and herbicide effects on weeds, soil properties, microbial populations, and soybean yield. Weed Sci 51:987–994CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rijn, LC (2011) Coastal erosion and control. Ocean Coast Manag 54:867–887CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, T (2015) Tillage radish—not just for tillage! Part 2 in a Series. http://www.arkansas-crops.com/2015/09/09/tillage-radish-series/. Accessed: March 2, 2018Google Scholar
Servadio, P, Marsili, A, Vignozzi, N, Pellegrini, S, Pagliai, M (2005) Effects on some soil qualities in central Italy following the passage of four-wheel drive tractor fitted with single and dual tires. Soil Till Res 84:87–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, MS, Frye, WW, Varco, JJ (1987) Legume winter cover crops. Adv Soil Sci 7:95–139CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, JR (1996) Contributions of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agriculture systems. J Prod Agric 9:475–479CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, JR, Taylorson, RB (1986) Weed seed response to methyl isothiocyanate and metham. Weed Sci 34:520–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[USDA] United States Department of Agriculture (2012) 2012 Census of Agriculture. https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/usv1.pdf. Accessed: January 31, 2018Google Scholar
[Virginia NRCS] Virginia Natural Resources Conservation Service (2015) Virginia NRCS Cover Crop Planning Manual 1.0. https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/VA/VA_TN10_Agronomy.pdf. Accessed: February 2, 2018Google Scholar
Williams, MM, Mortensen, DA, Doran, JW (1998) Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for integrated weed management. Weed Sci 46:595–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, SM, Weil, RR (2004) Crop cover root channels may alleviate soil compaction effects on soybean crop. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68:1403–1409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, RB, Spencer, GF, Kwolek, WE (1984) Inhibition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) germination and growth by benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant. Weed Sci 32:612–615CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfe, D (2007) Summer covers relieve compaction. Page 110 in Clark, A, ed. Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd edn. Beltsville, MD: Sustainable Agriculture Research and EducationGoogle Scholar