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Characterization of Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) × Smooth Pigweed (A. hybridus) F1 Hybrids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Federico Trucco ,
Tatiana Tatum ,
Kenneth R. Robertson ,
A. Lane Rayburn  and
Patrick J. Tranel
Federico Trucco
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Tatiana Tatum
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Kenneth R. Robertson
Affiliation:
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820
A. Lane Rayburn
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Patrick J. Tranel*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

In the state of Illinois, waterhemp and smooth pigweed are among the worst agricultural weeds. Previous research shows high potential for hybridization between these two species. However, the actual occurrence of hybrids in natural settings is still uncertain. Morphological similarity between hybrids and waterhemp makes field surveys of hybrids difficult to conduct. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of waterhemp × smooth pigweed F1 hybrids, emphasizing evaluation of characters that may allow for hybrid discrimination in field Amaranthus communities. Concurrently, the study characterized hybrid reproductive fitness, chromosome number, and DNA content. To accomplish this, hybrids were obtained from field crosses. A species-specific polymorphism in the ALS gene was used to verify hybrid identity. Significant differences (α = 0.05) between hybrids and individuals of the parental species were observed for five staminate and five carpellate characters. Of these, five characters differentiated hybrids from waterhemp. However, clustering analyses using these characters indicated that morphological differences were not reliable enough, by themselves, for unambiguous hybrid identification. Also, hybrid homoploidy (2n = 32) with respect to parental species excluded chromosome counts in hybridity determinations. However, DNA content analysis may be used for such purpose. Hybrids had an average of 1.21 pg of DNA per 2C nucleus, a value intermediate to that of parental species. Hybrids produced 3.3 or 0.7% the seed output of parental and sibling waterhemp individuals, respectively. Percent micropollen in hybrids was 95-times greater than in parental species. Hybrid sterility appears to be the most reliable feature for hybrid discrimination when conducting field surveys. However, molecular and cytogenetic analyses as employed in this study may be desired for ultimate identity corroboration.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer #3 AMATAsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACHtall waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer # AMATUGene flowevolutionherbicide resistanceALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 2.2.1.6)PCR, polymerase chain reaction
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2006 , pp. 14 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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