Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T09:40:27.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Case History for Weed Competition/Population Ecology: Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert F. Norris
Robert F. Norris*
Affiliation:
Bot. Dep., Univ. Calif., Davis, CA 95616
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Barnyardgrass at 10 or more plants per 1 m of row caused over 80% root yield loss in spring-sown sugarbeets in California. The yield loss decreased to between 5 and 20% when barnyardgrass densities were one plant ever 2 to 3 m of crop row. The relationship between crop yield and barnyardgrass density was described by a rectangular hyperbolic function. The economic threshold density was in the range of one barnyardgrass plant every 5 to 20 m or row. Barnyardgrass plants growing at densities of less than one plant per 1 m in sugarbeets experienced only interspecific competition. Such individual barnyardgrass plants were estimated to produce from 30 000 to over 200 000 seeds, with an average of 100 000 seeds per plant. This seed production equated to a seed rain of about 4000 to nearly 20 000 seeds per m from a density of one weed every 10 m of crop row. These data suggest that using single-year economic thresholds for barnyardgrass is not a sound management practice because even low densities can produce large quantities of seed.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) ♯ ECHCGsugarbeets, Beta vulgaris L.Economic thresholdsseed productionyield lossfecundityECHCG
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 220 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Auld, B. A., Menz, K. M., and Tisdell, C. A. 1987. Weed control economics. Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd., London. 177 p.Google Scholar
2. Auld, B. A., and Tisdell, C. A. 1986. Economic threshold/critical density models in weed control. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Soc. Symp. 1986. Economic Weed Control, p. 261–268.Google Scholar
3. Barrett, S.C.H., and Wilson, B. F. 1981. Colonizing ability in the Echinochloa crus-galli complex (barnyardgrass). I. Variation in life history. Can. J. Bot. 59:1844–1860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Bauer, T. A., and Mortensen, D. A. 1992. A comparison of economic and economic optimum thresholds for two annual weeds in soybeans. Weed Technol. 6:228–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Brimhall, P. B., Chamberlain, E. W., and Alley, H. P. 1965. Competition of annual weeds and sugar beets. Weeds 13:33–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Burtch, L. M., and Carlson, C. M. 1959. Yield comparisons from chemically and hand-weeded sugar beets under several watergrass conditions in California. J. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol. 10:467–477.Google Scholar
7. Cousens, R. 1985. A simple model relating yield losses to weed density. Ann. Appl. Biol. 107:239–252.Google Scholar
8. Cousens, R. 1986. The use of population models in the study of the economics of weed control. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Soc. Symp. 1986, Economic Weed Control, p. 269–276.Google Scholar
9. Cousens, R. 1987. Theory and reality of weed control thresholds. Plant Prot. Q. 2:13–20.Google Scholar
10. Cousens, R., Doyle, C. J., Wilson, B. J., and Cussans, G. W. 1986. Modelling the economics of controlling Avena fatua in winter wheat. Pestic. Sci. 17:1–12.Google Scholar
11. Cussans, G. W., Cousens, R. D., and Wilson, B. J. 1986. Thresholds for weed control — the concepts and their interpretation. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Soc. Symp. 1986, Economic Weed Control, p. 253–260.Google Scholar
12. Dawson, J. H. 1965. Competition between irrigated sugar beets and annual weeds. Weeds 13:245–249.Google Scholar
13. Doyle, C. J., Cousens, R., and Moss, S. R. 1987. Economics of controlling Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat. Crop Prot. 5:143–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Gerowitt, B., and Heitefuss, R. 1990. Weed economic thresholds in cereals in the Federal Republic of Germany. Crop Prot. 9:323–331.Google Scholar
15. Headley, J. C. 1972. Economics of pest control. p. 180–187 in Implementing practical pest management strategies, Proc. Nat. Ext. Workshop, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. Google Scholar
16. Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The Worlds Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu, p. 32–40.Google Scholar
17. Légère, A., and Deschenes, J–M. 1989. Effects of time of emergence, population density and interspecific competition on hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit) seed production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 69:185–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Norris, R. F. 1984. Weed thresholds in relation to long-term population dynamics. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 37:38–44.Google Scholar
19. Sattin, M., Zanin, G., and Berti, A. 1992. Case history for weed competition/population ecology: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in corn. (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 6:213–219.Google Scholar
20. Schweizer, E. E. 1981. Broadleaf weed interference in sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris). Weed Sci. 29:128–133.Google Scholar
21. Schweizer, E. E., and Dexter, A. G. 1987. Weed control in sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) in North America. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:113–133.Google Scholar
22. Schweizer, E. E., and Lauridson, T. C. 1985. Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) interference in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris). Weed Sci. 33:518–520.Google Scholar
23. Shribbs, J. M., Lybecker, D. W., and Schweizer, E. E. 1990. Bioeconomic weed management models for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) production. Weed Sci. 38:436–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Sim, L. C. 1987. The value and practicality of using weed thresholds in the field. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds 3:1067–1071.Google Scholar
25. Spitters, C.J.T. 1983. An alternative approach to the analysis of mixed cropping experiments. 1. Estimation of competition effects. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 31:1–11.Google Scholar
26. Stern, V. M. 1973. Economic thresholds. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 18:259–280.Google Scholar
27. Stevens, O. A. 1932. The number and weight of seeds produced by weeds. Am. J. Bot. 19:784–794.Google Scholar
28. Zanin, G., and Sattin, M. 1988. Threshold level and seed production of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti (L.) Medicus) in maize. Weed Res. 28:347–352.Google Scholar
29. Zimdahl, R. L. and Fertig, S. N. 1967. Influence of weed competition on sugar beets. Weeds 15:336–339.Google Scholar