Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T14:48:02.571Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biology, Reproductive Potential, and Winter Survival of Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Charles T. Bryson  and
John D. Byrd Jr.
Charles T. Bryson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service and the Southern Weed Science Research Unit and Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776
John D. Byrd Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 38751
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted from 1996 to 2000 to determine tropical soda apple fruit size required for mature seed, overwintering survival potential of seeds, and growth and fruit production in a containment area near Stoneville, MS (latitude 33°25′N). Seedling emergence was ≥ 50% from tropical soda apple fruit > 1.8 cm in diameter. Tropical soda apple overwintering emergence was 14, 10, 48, 42, and 13% from seed alone and 86, 83, 48, 41, and 18% for seeds in tropical soda apple fruit overwintering at 100, 0, −5, −10, and −15 cm from the soil surface, respectively. Before frost (early November), average tropical soda apple plant heights were 0.8, 0.6, and 0.7 m; plant diameters were 2.6, 1.7, and 2 m; fruit produced per tropical soda apple plant were 415, 342, 128; and plant weights were 9.9, 9.5, and 4.9 kg at 27 wk after transplanting (WATP) for 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively. Regeneration from overwintering tropical soda apple roots varied depending on the winter conditions. These results suggest that tropical soda apple plants can survive mild winters.

Keywords

Tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dun. SOLVITropical soda appleMississippioverwintering
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 2007 , pp. 791 - 795
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Akanda, R. U., Mullahey, J. J., and Shilling, D. G. 1996a. Growth and reproduction of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in Florida. Proceedings of the Tropical Soda Apple Symposium. Bartow, FL University of Florida. 15–17. in.Google Scholar
Akanda, R. U., Mullahey, J. J., and Shilling, D. G. 1996b. Environmental factors affecting germination of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum). Weed Sci. 44:570–574.Google Scholar
Bianco, S., Pitelli, R. A., Mullahey, J. J., and Cahrudattan, R. 1997. Response of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) to soil liming. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 37:29. [Abstract].Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. 1996. The role of United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service in the control of introduced weeds. Castanea 61:261–270.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Byrd, J. D. Jr. 1994. Solanum viarum (Solanaceae) new to Mississippi. SIDA Contrib. Bot. 16:382–385.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Byrd, J. D. Jr. 1995. Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin. 2.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Byrd, J. D. Jr. 1996. Tropical soda apple in Mississippi. Proceedings of the Tropical Soda Apple Symposium Proceedings. Bartow, FL University of Florida. 55–60. in.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T., Byrd, J. D. Jr., and Westbrooks, R. G. 1995. Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) in the United States. Mississippi State, MS Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin. 2.Google Scholar
Coile, N. C. Tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal: the plant from hell. 1993. Greenville, FL Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Botany Circular 27. Pages 4.Google Scholar
Hall, D. W., Currey, W. L., and Orsennigo, J. R. 1998. Weeds from other places: the Florida beachhead is established. Weed Technol. 12:720–725.Google Scholar
Mullahey, J. J. 1996. Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal), a biological pollutant threatening Florida. Castanea 61:255–260.Google Scholar
Mullahey, J. J. and Colvin, D. L. 1993. Tropical soda apple: A new noxious weed in Florida. Gainesville, FL Florida Cooperative Extension Service Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Florida, Fact Sheet WRS-7.Google Scholar
Mullahey, J. J. and Cornell, J. 1994. Biology of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) an introduced weed in Florida. Weed Technol. 8:465–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullahey, J. J., Mislevy, P., Brown, W. R., and Kline, W. N. 1996. Tropical soda apple, an exotic weed threatening agriculture and natural systems. Down Earth 51:10–17.Google Scholar
Mullahey, J. J., Nee, M., Wunderlin, R. P., and Delaney, K. R. 1993. Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum): a weed threat in subtropical regions. Weed Technol. 7:783–786.Google Scholar
Mullahey, J. J., Shilling, D. G., Mislevy, P., and Akanda, R. A. 1998. Invasion of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) into the United States: lessons learned. Weed Technol. 12:733–736.Google Scholar
Nee, M. 1991. Synopsis of Solanum Section Ancanthophora: a revision of interest for glyco-alkaloids. Pages 258–266. in Hawkes, J.G., Lester, R.N., Nee, M., Estrata, N. eds. Solanaceae III: Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T., McGowan, T. M., Mullahey, J. J., and Westbrooks, R. G. 1997. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) and its potential range in the United States. Weed Sci. 45:404–408.Google Scholar
Pingle, A. R. and Dnyansagar, V. R. 1979. Induction of germination in Solanum viarum . Curr. Sci. 48:449–450.Google Scholar
[TAMU BWG] Texas A&M Bioinformatics Working Group 2006. Flora of Texas Vascular Plant Image Library http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gallery_queryqtropicalsodaapple. Accessed: October 29, 2006.Google Scholar
Wunderlin, R. P., Hansen, B. F., Delaney, K. R., Nee, M., and Mullahey, J. J. 1993. Solanum viarum and S. tampicense (Solanaceae): two weedy species new to Florida and the United States. SIDA Contrib. Bot. 15:605–611.Google Scholar