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Biological Control of Hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) in Soybean with Anthracnose Pathogen Mixtures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

C. Douglas Boyette  and
Robert E. Hoagland
C. Douglas Boyette*
Affiliation:
Biological Control of Pests Research Unit
Robert E. Hoagland
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production Systems Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

In greenhouse and field experiments conducted over 3 yr, tank mixtures of spores of the fungi Colletotrichum truncatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, formulated in unrefined corn oil and Silwet L-77 surfactant, were evaluated as a mycoherbicide mixture for simultaneous control of hemp sesbania and sicklepod, respectively. In greenhouse tests, 100% mortality and dry weight reduction of hemp sesbania occurred 6 d after treatment (DAT), whereas 15 d were required to achieve 100% mortality and dry weight reduction of sicklepod. In field experiments conducted in narrow-row (51-cm) soybean test plots, a single application of the fungal mixture formulated as described controlled hemp sesbania and sicklepod 94% and 88%, respectively, 28 DAT. Neither fungus, applied as aqueous conidial suspensions, provided control of their respective weed hosts. These results indicate that tank mixtures of these anthracnose-forming pathogens can effectively control hemp sesbania and sicklepod with a single application.

En experimentos de campo y de invernadero conducidos durante 3 años, las mezclas de esporas de los hongos Colletotrichum truncatum y C. gloeosporioides, formuladas en aceite de maíz no refinado y surfactante Silwet L-77, fueron evaluadas como una mezcla mico-herbicida para el control simultáneo de Sesbania exaltata y Senna obtusifolia, respectivamente. En las pruebas de invernadero, se logró el 100% de mortalidad y la reducción del peso seco de Sesbania exaltata 6 días después del tratamiento (DAT), mientras que se requirieron 15 días para alcanzar el 100% de mortalidad y la reducción del peso seco de Senna obtusifolia. En los experimentos de campo llevados al cabo en parcelas experimentales de soya sembradas en surcos estrechos (51cm), una sola aplicación de la mezcla de hongos, formulada como se describió anteriormente, controló a Sesbania exaltata y Senna obtusifolia en 94 y 88% respectivamente a los 28 DAT. Ninguno de los hongos, aplicados como suspensiones acuosas conidiales, controló su respectiva maleza hospedera. Estos resultados indican que las mezclas de estos patógenos causantes de la antracnosis pueden controlar con efectividad a Sesbania exaltata y Senna obtusifolia, con una sola aplicación.

Keywords

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and SaccColletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrews and Moorehemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Rydb.) ex A.W. Hill SEBEXsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby CASOBsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrBiocontrolbioherbicidebiocontrol agentnarrow-row soybeanspathogen mixturesunrefined corn oilsurfactant
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 551 - 556
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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