Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T16:32:21.891Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Barley and Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Competition is Influenced by Crop Cultivar and Density

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Blakely H. Paynter  and
Andrea L. Hills
Blakely H. Paynter*
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Centre for Cropping Systems, PO Box 483, Northam, Western Australia, Australia 6401
Andrea L. Hills
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Melijinup Road, Esperance, Western Australia, Australia 6450
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Western Australian growers are adopting no-tillage farming systems, which have a greater reliance on integrated weed management systems that include competitive cultivars, high seeding rates, strategic fertilizer placement, and narrow row spacing. At the same time, they are sowing more of their barley area to cultivars with a semidwarf habit. This study compared six two-row, spring malting barley cultivars with different morphological traits at two dates of planting and three crop densities, with nil-added and added rigid ryegrass at five sites. Four cultivars, ‘Buloke’, ‘Flagship’, ‘Hamelin’, and ‘Vlamingh’, had an erect early growth habit; the other two, ‘Baudin’ and ‘Gairdner’, had a prostrate, semidwarf early growth habit. Increasing the density of rigid ryegrass plants from 16 to 125 plants/m2 decreased barley grain yield by reducing crop biomass production, tiller number, grain number, and harvest index. Average grain weight was also reduced at most sites. The impact of competition on grain yield varied across sites and cultivars, but did not interact with date of planting. Baudin, Flagship, and Hamelin were more competitive with rigid ryegrass than Buloke, Gairdner, and Vlamingh. Differences in competitiveness between cultivars did not appear to be strongly related to morphological traits that affect light interception such as canopy closure, plant height, and tiller number. Differences in cultivar competitiveness were cultivar-specific and not generic. Rigid ryegrass productivity (dry matter and tiller number) tended to be lower under the more competitive cultivars. Increasing barley plant density increased grain yield, and reduced both rigid ryegrass dry matter and tiller number. Barley density had a larger impact on rigid ryegrass productivity than crop cultivar. The impact of barley density on reducing rigid ryegrass tiller number was larger with the first planting date than the second, and higher in the added rigid ryegrass plots than the nil-added plots. This study highlights the importance of high barley seeding rate for the integrated management of rigid ryegrass.

Keywords

Rigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudin ‘Safeguard’ LOLRIbarley, Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Baudin’, ‘Buloke’, ‘Flagship’, ‘Gairdner’, ‘Hamelin’, and ‘Vlamingh’Seeding rateseeding datecultivar competitivenessweed competition
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 40 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Alemseged, Y., Jones, R. E., and Medd, R. W. 2001. A farmer survey of weed management and herbicide resistance problems of winter crops in Australia. Plant Prot. Q. 16:21–25.Google Scholar
Baghestani, A., Lemieux, C., Leroux, G. D., Baziramakenga, R., and Simard, R. R. 1999. Determination of allelochemicals in spring cereal cultivars of different competitiveness. Weed Sci 47:498–504.Google Scholar
Bertholdsson, N. O. 2004. Variation in allelopathic activity over 100 years of barley selection and breeding. Weed Res 44:78–86.Google Scholar
Bertholdsson, N. O. 2005. Early vigor and allelopathy–two useful traits for enhanced barley and wheat competitiveness against weeds. Weed Res 45:92–102.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Moyer, J. R., Harker, K. N., and Clayton, G. W. 2005. Integration of agronomic practices and herbicides for sustainable weed management in zero-till barley field pea rotation. Weed Technol 19:190–196.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., O'Donovan, J. T., Harker, K. N., Clayton, G. W., and Stougaard, R. N. 2006. Reduced herbicide doses in field crops: a review. Weed Biol. Manage 6:10–17.Google Scholar
Christensen, S. 1994. Crop weed competition and herbicide performance in cereal species and varieties. Weed Res 34:29–36.Google Scholar
Christensen, S. 1995. Weed suppression ability of spring barley varieties. Weed Res 35:241–247.Google Scholar
Cousens, R. D. 1996. Comparative growth of wheat, barley and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in monoculture and mixture. Aust. J. Agric. Res 47:449–464.Google Scholar
D'Emden, F. H. and Llewellyn, R. S. 2006. No-tillage adoption decisions in southern Australian cropping and the role of weed management. Aust. J. Exp. Agric 46:563–569.Google Scholar
Dhima, K. V., Eleftherohorinos, I. G., and Vasilakoglou, I. B. 2000. Interference between Avena sterilis, Phalaris minor and five barley cultivars. Weed Res 40:549–559.Google Scholar
Didon, U. M. E. 2002. Variation between barley cultivars in early response to weed competition. J. Agron. Crop Sci 188:176–184.Google Scholar
Didon, U. M. E. and Boström, U. 2003. Growth and development of six barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cultivars in response to a model weed (Sinapis alba L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci 189:409–417.Google Scholar
Doll, H. 1997. The ability of barley to compete with weeds. Biol. Agric. Hortic 14:43–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. 1993. Weed management in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the absence of herbicides. J. Sustainable Agric 3:95–104.Google Scholar
Kristensen, L., Olsen, J., and Weiner, J. 2008. Crop density, sowing pattern and nitrogen fertilization effects on weed suppression and yield in spring wheat. Weed Sci 56:97–102.Google Scholar
Lemerle, D., Michael, P. W., and Sutton, D. G. 1979. The competitive abilities of wheat and triticale against different densities of Lolium rigidum . Pages 447–450. in. R. W. Medd, B. A. Auld, eds. Proceedings of the 7th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society. Melbourne, Australia: Asia-Pacific Weed Science Society.Google Scholar
Lemerle, D., Verbeek, B., and Coombes, N. 1995. Losses in grain yield of winter crops from Lolium rigidum competition depend on crop species, cultivar and season. Weed Res 35:503–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemerle, D., Verbeek, B., Cousens, R. D., and Coombes, N. E. 1996. The potential for selecting wheat varieties strongly competitive against weeds. Weed Res 36:505–513.Google Scholar
Medd, D. F., Auld, B. A., Kemp, D. R., and Murison, R. D. 1985. The influence of wheat density and spatial arrangement on annual ryegrass Lolium rigidum Gaudin competition. Aust. J. Agric. Res 36:361–371.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T. 1988. Wild oat infestations and economic returns as influenced by frequency of control. Weed Technol 2:495–498.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Blackshaw, R. E., Harker, K. N., Clayton, G. W., and McKenzie, R. 2005. Variable crop plant establishment contributes to differences in competitiveness with wild oat among cereal varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci 85:771–776.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Blackshaw, R. E., Harker, K. N., Clayton, G. W., Moyer, J. R., Dosdall, L. M., Maurice, D. C., and Turkington, T. K. 2007. Integrated approaches to managing weeds in spring-sown crops in western Canada. Crop Prot 26:390–398.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Harker, K. N., Clayton, G. W., and Hall, L. M. 2000. Wild oat (Avena fatua) interference in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is influenced by barley variety and seeding rate. Weed Technol 14:624–629.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Harker, K. N., Clayton, G. W., Newman, J. C., Robinson, D., and Hall, L. M. 2001. Barley seeding rate influences the effects of variable herbicide rates on wild oats. Weed Sci 49:746–754.Google Scholar
Paynter, B. H., Hills, A. L., and Russell, J. J. 2008. Characterising the new malting barley cultivar—Vlamingh—from Western Australia. Pages 8–14. in. Proceedings of 10th International Barley Genetics Symposium. Alexandria, Egypt.Google Scholar
Paynter, B. H., Young, K. J., Shackley, B., and Jettner, R. 1999. Growing Gairdner barley for malting in Western Australia. Pages 2.23.1–2.23.4. in. Proceedings of the 9th Australian Barley Technical Symposium. Melbourne, Victoria: ABTS.Google Scholar
Reeves, T. G. 1976. Effect of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) on yield of wheat. Weed Res 16:57–63.Google Scholar
Satorre, E. H. and Snaydon, R. W. 1992. A comparison between root and short competition of spring cereals and Avena fatua L. Weed Res 32:45–55.Google Scholar
Schoknecht, N. 2002. Soil Groups of Western Australia. A Simple Guide to the Main Soils of Western Australia. Resource Management Technical Report 246. South Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture. 122.Google Scholar
Scursoni, J. A. and Satorre, E. H. 2005. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wild oat (Avena fatua) competition is affected by crop and weed density. Weed Technol 19:790–795.Google Scholar
Smith, D. F. and Levick, G. R. T. 1974. The effect of infestation by Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) on yield of wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res 25:381–393.Google Scholar
Torner, C., Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L., and Fernandez-Quintanilla, C. 1991. Wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) competition with winter barley: plant density effects. Weed Res 31:301–308.Google Scholar
Watson, P. R., Derksen, D. A., and Van Acker, R. C. 2006. The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition. Weed Sci 54:783–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, J., Griepentrog, H., and Kristensen, L. 2001. Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticum aestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity. J. Appl. Ecol 38:784–790.Google Scholar
Wilson, B. J. and Peters, N. C. B. 1982. Some studies of competition between Avena fatua L. and spring barley. I. The influence of A. fatua on yield of barley. Weed Res 22:143–148.Google Scholar