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Alternatives for Control of Paraquat Tolerant American Black Nightshade (Solanum americana)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Thomas A. Bewick ,
William M. Stall ,
Stephen R. Kostewicz  and
Kenneth Smith
Thomas A. Bewick
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, 32611
William M. Stall
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, 32611
Stephen R. Kostewicz
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, 32611
Kenneth Smith
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, 32611
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Abstract

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to identify alternative herbicide treatments for the control of a biotype of American black nightshade which has been shown to tolerate paraquat. In greenhouse experiments the combination of paraquat and the metal chelator diethyldithiocarbamate at either 1% w/v or 3% w/v, and diquat alone significantly lowered I50 values, based on dry weight, when compared with paraquat alone. None of these treatments provided acceptable control (>90%) in field experiments. Treatments that controlled American black nightshade under field conditions were: monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ai ha-1, monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ha-1 + paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1, lactofen at 0.6 kg ha-1, oxyfluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1, and acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1. Addition of tridiphane at 1.7 kg ha-1 to paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1 did not improve control of American black nightshade under field conditions.

Keywords

Acifluorfen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic aciddiquat, 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-α:2’,1′-c]pyrazinediium ionlactofen, (±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoateoxyfluorfen, 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneparaquat, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium iontridiphane, 2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxiraneAmerican black nightshade, Solanum americanum, Mill ♯ SOLAMHerbicide tolerancetomatoLycopersicon esculentum MillSOLAMdiquatlactofenoxyfluorfenacifluorfendiethyldithiocarbamatetridiphanemonocarbamide dihydrogensulfatepyridate
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 61 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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