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Use of Soybean Production Surveys to Determine Weed Management Needs of South Carolina Farmers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason K. Norsworthy
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 64 Research Road, Blackville, SC 29817
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Soybean producers of South Carolina were surveyed in 2000 through mail and on-farm visits to determine which production practices limit seed yields the most. Production systems have direct implications on weed management practices, difficulties, and future problems. When asked to describe two extension and research focus areas that would improve current soybean production, the number one response was improved weed control strategies. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that weeds were the pest that most limited soybean yield. Sicklepod, Palmer amaranth, morningglory species, common cocklebur, yellow nutsedge, and Texas panicum were considered the most problematic weeds. More than half the producers (68%) used glyphosate-resistant soybean, with one-half of these farmers producing soybean in row widths > 51 cm. Of the farmers who grew conventional soybean, 10% used narrow rows (≤ 51 cm), whereas 22% used wide rows (> 51 cm). Only 27% of the farmers who planted glyphosate-resistant soybean used a soil-applied herbicide. Forty-three percent of farmers based the need for a postemergence herbicide on weed size, 21% used no repeatable method, 21% relied on days after soybean emergence, 11% depended on soybean size or groundcover, and only 4% used a combination of weed density and size. Thirty-five percent of the farmers did not rotate soybean with another crop. In fields where soybean parasitic nematodes reduced soybean growth or caused plant death, late-season weed infestations were often exacerbated, especially in the absence of nonresidual herbicides. Specific reasons for difficulty in managing weeds in soybean may include a diverse weed spectrum, which is difficult to control with a single herbicide, the use of wide-row soybean, the lack of crop rotation, the prevalence of nematodes that directly affect crop development and, in turn, weed management, the lack of an appropriate criterion for timing postemergence herbicide applications, and the greater attention paid to production of more valuable crops. Educational efforts addressing weed management problems and association of such problems with other production practices are needed if weed management is to be improved and weed-induced yield losses minimized.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANSTmorningglory species, Ipomoea sppPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPAsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. Irwin and Barneby # CASOBTexas panicum, Panicum texanum Buckl. # PANTEyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPESsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrGlyphosate-resistant soybeanon-farm surveytransgenic soybean
Type
Education/Extension
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 2003 , pp. 195 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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