Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T20:38:52.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relating Simazine Performance to Irrigation Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alfredo Dasilva ,
Cindy Garretson ,
John Troiano ,
Gary Ritenour  and
Charles Krauter
Alfredo Dasilva
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
Cindy Garretson
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
John Troiano*
Affiliation:
California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812-4015
Gary Ritenour
Affiliation:
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740-8009
Charles Krauter
Affiliation:
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740-8009
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although water is crucial to the performance of preemergence herbicides, pesticide performance has rarely been related to irrigation management. This 2-yr study investigated the effect that amount of irrigation water applied had on activity of simazine. Three rates of simazine at 0, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha were applied to a 3-yr-old nectarine orchard that was irrigated with microsprinklers. The performance of simazine was compared between irrigation treatments initially targeted to provide water at 110 (efficient) and 175% (overwatered) of crop water requirements. Simazine effectiveness was based on the survival of oat and cucumber plants that were seeded at 0, 14, 28, 56, and 84 d after herbicide application. A longer time interval to 50% survival indicated prolonged herbicidal activity. Results were consistent between years in that simazine's performance was consistently greater in efficient irrigation treatments. The greatest increases were measured at the higher simazine application rate (2.24 kg/ha); overall averages for the length of time to reach 50% survival for cucumber were 50 and 23 d and for oats were 55 and 15 d for efficient and overwatered irrigation treatments, respectively. Use of an efficient irrigation management technique could have enhanced simazine's performance through a decreased leaching of residues from the weed root zone or less chemical or biological degradation (or both). Adoption of efficient irrigation management has been identified as a best management practice to mitigate leaching of pesticide residues to groundwater in coarse soils in California. This study indicates that efficient irrigation improves simazine performance and that both factors, pesticide application and irrigation management, should be considered when developing a weed management system.

Keywords

Simazinecucumber, Cucumis sativus L.nectarine, Prunus persica L.oat, Avena sativa LBioassaygroundwater contaminationherbicide performanceirrigation efficiencyELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assayETo, evapotranspiration
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 330 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ahrens, W. H., Cox, D. J., and Budhwar, G. 1990. Use of the arcsine and square root transformations for subjectively determined percentage data. Weed Sci. 38: 452–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, G. M., Crafts, A. S., and Agamalian, H. S. 1989. Chemical control methods. In California Weed Conference, eds. Principles of Weed Control in California. Fresno, CA: Thomson Publications. pp. 97–106.Google Scholar
Baer, C. and Calvet, R. 1999. Fate of soil applied herbicides: experimental data and prediction of dissipation kinetics. J. Environ. Qual. 28: 1765–1777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burtch, L. M. and Gantenbein, T. H. 1989. Soil incorporation. In California Weed Conference, eds. Principles of Weed Control in California. Fresno, CA: Thomson Publications. pp. 112–114.Google Scholar
Carey, P. J. and Bendixen, W. E. 1989. Irrigation. In California Weed Conference, eds. Principles of Weed Control in California. Fresno, CA: Thomson Publications. pp. 121–124.Google Scholar
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2001. California Irrigation Management Information System. Web page: http://www.dla.water.ca.gov/cimis/cimis/hq/whatis.htm. Accessed: October 21, 2002.Google Scholar
Cupples, A. M., Sims, G. K., Hultgren, R. P., and Hart, S. E. 2000. Effect of soil conditions on the degradation of chloransulam-methyl. J. Environ. Qual. 29: 786–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, B., Goldhammer, D. A., Babb, T., and Kjelgren, R. 1988. Preemergence herbicide performance under drip and low volume sprinkler irrigation. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Weed Conference, California Weed Conference. Fresno, CA: Thompson. pp. 486–490.Google Scholar
Goh, K. S., Richman, S. J., and Troiano, J. et al. 1992. ELISA of simazine in soil: applications for a field leaching study. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 48: 554–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallberg, G. R. 1989. Pesticide pollution of groundwater in the humid United States. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 26: 299–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, L. S., Day, B. E., and Clerx, W. A. 1963. Effect of incorporation and method of irrigation on preemergence herbicides. Weeds 11: 157–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kempen, H. M. 1993. Growers Weed Management Guide. Fresno, CA: Thomson Publications. 277 p.Google Scholar
Leistra, M. and Green, R. E. 1990. Efficacy of soil-applied pesticides. In Cheng, H. H., ed. Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America. pp. 401–428.Google Scholar
Leonard, R. A. 1990. Movement of pesticides into surface waters. In Cheng, H. H., ed. Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, Impacts, and Modeling. SSSA Book Series 2. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America. pp. 303–348.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. D., Schneider, P., Harrison, R. O., Seiber, J. N., Hammock, B. D., Biggar, J. W., and Rolston, R. E. 1991. Determination of atrazine and simazine in water and soil using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. J. Food Agric. Immunol. 3: 155–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntosh, M. S. 1983. Analysis of combined experiments. Agron. J. 75: 153–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, A. G. Jr. 1986. Applying herbicides in irrigation water—a review. Crop Prot. 5: 53–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, W. F. and Manger, K. A. 1983. Increasing irrigation efficiencies and their effect on nitrates in the environment. In Borrelli, J., Hasfurther, V. R., and Burman, R. D., eds. Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Advances in Irrigation and Drainage: Surviving External Pressures. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 417–427.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1990. SAS Procedures Guide. Version 6.0, 3rd ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 705 p.Google Scholar
Schmidt, K. D. and Sherman, I. 1987. Effect of irrigation on groundwater quality in California. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 113: 16–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, R., Henderson, D. W., Pruit, W. O., and Dong, A. 1985. California Irrigation Management Information System Final Report June 1985. Contract no. B53812. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Water Resources.Google Scholar
Troiano, J., Garretson, C., Krauter, C., and Brownell, J. 1993. Influence of amount and method of irrigation on leaching of atrazine. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 290–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troiano, J., Johnson, B. R., Powell, S., and Schoenig, S. 1994. Use of cluster and principal component analyses to profile areas in California where groundwater has been contaminated by pesticides. Environ. Monit. Assess. 32: 269–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troiano, J., Marade, J., and Spurlock, F. 1998. Empirical modeling of spatial vulnerability applied to a norflurazon retrospective well study in California. J. Environ. Qual. 27: 488–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troiano, J., Weaver, D., Marade, J., Spurlock, F., Pepple, M., Nordmark, C., and Bartkowiak, D. 2001. Summary of well water sampling in California to detect pesticide residues resulting from nonpoint-source applications. J. Environ. Qual. 30: 448–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed