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Phytotoxicity of Fumonisin B1 on Weed and Crop Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Hamed K. Abbas  and
C. D. Boyette
Hamed K. Abbas
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
C. D. Boyette
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
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Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) sprayed on intact jimsonweed plants at 10 to 200 μg ml–1 caused chlorosis and necrosis on three- to four-leaf plants and reduced their height and biomass. Excised leaves of jimsonweed were necrotic on both surfaces after treatment with FB1 at 10 to 200 μg ml–1. The degree of damage increased with the concentration of FB1. The minimum amount of FB1 that damaged excised leaves was 0.05 μg. The symptoms of toxicity on sensitive plants varied with concentration of FB1. Symptoms observed included: chlorosis (creeping cucumber), necrosis (jimsonweed and common sunflower), black leaf lesions (sicklepod), curl of tissues (soybean), stunting, defoliation (hemp sesbania and northern jointvetch), and death (prickly sida, spurred anoda, northern jointvetch, and jimsonweed). Monocots (barley, bermudagrass, corn, johnsongrass, rice, sorghum, and wheat) were not visibly affected by FB1. This is the first evidence of the phytotoxic properties of fumonisin B1 against a wide variety of weeds and crop cultivars.

Keywords

Fumonisin, propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid diesters of long chain aminopentalsFusarium moniliforme Sheldonbarley, Hordeum vulgare L.bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ♯ CYNDAcommon sunflower, Helianthus annus L. ♯ HELANcorn, Zea mays L.creeping cucumber, Melothria pendula L. ♯ MEEPEhemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill ♯ SEBEXjimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. ♯ DATSTjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ♯ SORHAnorthern jointvetch, Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B. S. P. ♯ AESVIprickly sida, Sida spinosa L. ♯ SIDSPrice, Oryza sativa L.sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L. ♯ CASOBsorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ♯ SORVUsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.spurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht. ♯ ANVCRwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Biological activitynatural productfungal productbioherbicidemycotoxin
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , September 1992 , pp. 548 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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