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Occurrence and Characterization of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Accessions with Resistance to Glyphosate in Montana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Vipan Kumar ,
Prashant Jha  and
Nicholas Reichard
Vipan Kumar
Affiliation:
Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT 59037
Prashant Jha*
Affiliation:
Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT 59037
Nicholas Reichard
Affiliation:
Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT 59037
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Herbicide-resistant kochia is an increasing concern for growers in the northwestern United States. Four suspected glyphosate-resistant (Gly-R) kochia accessions (referred to as GIL01, JOP01, CHES01, and CHES02) collected in fall 2012 from four different chemical-fallow fields in northern Montana were evaluated. The objectives were to confirm and characterize the level of glyphosate resistance in kochia accessions relative to a glyphosate-susceptible (Gly-S) accession and evaluate the effectiveness of various POST herbicides for Gly-R kochia control. Whole-plant dose–response experiments indicated that the four Gly-R kochia accessions had 7.1- to 11-fold levels of resistance relative to the Gly-S accession on the basis of percent control ratings (I50 values). On the basis of shoot dry weight response (GR50 values), the four Gly-R kochia accessions exhibited resistance index (R/S) ratios ranging from 4.6 to 8.1. In a separate study, the two tested Gly-R accessions (GIL01 and JOP01) showed differential response (control and shoot dry weight reduction) to various POST herbicides 21 d after application (DAA). Paraquat, paraquat + linuron, carfentrazone + 2,4-D, saflufenacil alone or with 2,4-D, and bromoxynil + fluroxypyr effectively controlled (99 to 100%) and reduced shoot dry weight (88 to 92%) of the GIL01 accession, consistent with the Gly-S kochia accession; however, bromoxynil + MCPA and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole provided 76% control and 83% shoot dry weight reduction of the GIL01 accession and were lower compared with the Gly-S accession. The JOP01 accession exhibited lower control or shoot dry weight reduction to all herbicides tested, except dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, paraquat + linuron, and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, compared with the Gly-S or GIL01 population. Furthermore, paraquat + linuron was the only treatment with ≥ 90% control and shoot dry weight reduction of the JOP01 kochia plants. Among all POST herbicides tested, glufosinate was the least effective on kochia. This research confirms the first evolution of Gly-R kochia in Montana. Future research will investigate the mechanism of glyphosate resistance, inheritance, ecological fitness, and alternative strategies for management of Gly-R kochia.

Kochia scoparia resistente a herbicidas es una preocupación creciente para los productores del noroeste de Estados Unidos. Se evaluaron cuatro accesiones de K. scoparia (referidas como GIL01, JOP01, CHES01, y CHES02) que se sospechaban resistentes a glyphosate (Gly-R) y que fueron colectadas en el otoño 2012, en cuatro campos en barbecho químico en el norte de Montana. Los objetivos fueron confirmar y caracterizar el nivel de resistencia a glyphosate en accesiones de K. scoparia en relación con una accesión susceptible a glyphosate (Gly-S) y evaluar la efectividad de varios herbicidas POST para el control de K. scoparia Gly-R. Experimentos de respuesta a dosis en plantas enteras indicaron que las cuatro accesiones de K. scoparia Gly-R tuvieron 7.1 a 11 veces el nivel de resistencia en relación a la accesión Gly-S con base en evaluaciones de porcentaje de control (valores I50). Con base en la respuesta del peso seco del tejido aéreo (valores GR50), las cuatro accesiones de K. scoparia Gly-R mostraron ratios de índice de resistencia (R/S) entre 4.6 y 8.1. En un estudio aparte, las dos accesiones Gly-R evaluadas (GIL01 y JOP01) mostraron respuestas diferenciadas (reducciones en control y peso seco del tejido aéreo) a varios herbicidas POST 21 días después de la aplicación (DAA). Paraquat, paraquat + linuron, carfentrazone + 2,4-D, saflufenacil solo o con 2,4-D, y bromoxynil + fluroxypyr controlaron efectivamente (99 a 100%) y redujeron el peso seco del tejido aéreo (88 a 92%) de la accesión GIL01, en forma consistente con los resultados observados en la accesión de K. scoparia Gly-S. Sin embargo, bromoxynil + MCPA y bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole brindaron 76% de control y 83% de reducción en el peso seco del tejido aéreo de la accesión GIL01 y estos valores fueron menores en comparación con la accesión Gly-S. La accesión JOP01 mostró menor control o reducción en el peso seco del tejido aéreo en respuesta a todos los herbicidas evaluados, excepto dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, paraquat + linuron, y bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, al compararse con las poblaciones Gly-S o GIL01. Adicionalmente, paraquat + linuron fue el único tratamiento con ≥90% de control y reducción del peso seco del tejido aéreo de las plantas de K. scoparia JOP01. Entre los herbicidas POST evaluados, glufosinate fue el menos efectivo. Esta investigación confirma la primera evolución de K. scoparia Gly-R en Montana. Investigaciones futuras estudiarán el mecanismo de resistencia a glyphosate, la heredabilidad, el desempeño ecológico, y las estrategias alternativas para el manejo de K. scoparia Gly-R.

Keywords

2,4-DbromoxynilcarfentrazonedicambadiflufenzopyrfluroxypyrglufosinateglyphosatelinuronMCPAparaquatpyrasulfotolesaflufenacilkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) SchradGlyphosate resistancepostemergence herbicidesresistance management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 122 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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