Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:01:20.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of herbicides on germination and quality of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2021

Levi D. Moore Open the ORCID record for Levi D. Moore [Opens in a new window] ,
Katherine M. Jennings ,
David W. Monks ,
Ramon G. Leon ,
Michael D. Boyette  and
David L. Jordan
Levi D. Moore*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Katherine M. Jennings
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
David W. Monks
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Ramon G. Leon
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Michael D. Boyette
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
David L. Jordan
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Levi D. Moore, Graduate Student, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 2721 Founders Drive, Raleigh, NC27965. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical treatments applied to Palmer amaranth seeds or gynoecious plants that retain seeds to determine seed germination and quality. Treatments applied to physiologically mature Palmer amaranth seed included acifluorfen, dicamba, ethephon, flumioxazin, fomesafen, halosulfuron, linuron, metribuzin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, saflufenacil, trifluralin, and 2,4-D plus crop oil concentrate applied at 1× and 2× the suggested use rates from the manufacturer. Germination was reduced by 20% when 2,4-D was used, 15% when dicamba was used, and 13% when halosulfuron and pyroxasulfone were used. Use of dicamba, ethephon, halosulfuron, oryzalin, trifluralin, and 2,4-D resulted in decreased seedling length by an average of at least 50%. Due to the observed effect of dicamba, ethephon, halosulfuron, oryzalin, trifluralin, and 2,4-D, these treatments were applied to gynoecious Palmer amaranth inflorescence at the 2× registered application rates to evaluate their effects on progeny seed. Dicamba use resulted in a 24% decrease in seed germination, whereas all other treatment results were similar to those of the control. Crush tests showed that seed viability was greater than 95%, thus dicamba did not have a strong effect on seed viability. No treatments applied to Palmer amaranth inflorescence affected average seedling length; therefore, chemical treatments did not affect the quality of seeds that germinated.

Keywords

acifluorfendicambaethephonflumioxazinfomesafenhalosulfuronlinuronmetribuzinoryzalinpendimethalinpyroxasulfoneS-metolachlorsaflufenaciltrifluralin2,4-DPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. WatsonAMAPASeed viability
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 786 - 789
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

References

Anonymous (2019) Verve Plant Growth Regulator product label. Alsip, IL: Nufarm Americas Inc.Google Scholar
Anonymous (2020) Super Boll Plant Regulator product label. Alsip, IL: Nufarm Americas Inc.Google Scholar
Barkley, SL, Chaudhari, S, Jennings, KM, Schultheis, JR, Meyers, SL, Monks, DW (2016) Fomesafen programs for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control in sweetpotato. Weed Technol 30:506–515 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Sanctis, JHS, Knezevic, SZ, Kumar, V, Jhala, AJ (2021) Effect of single or sequential POST herbicide applications on seed production and viability of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean. Weed Technol 35:449–456 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1995) EPA R.E.D. facts ethephon. Cincinnati, OH: EPA National Center for Environmental publications and Information. 11pGoogle Scholar
Goudey, JS, Saini, HS, Spencer, MS (1987) Uptake and fate of ethephon ([2-chloroethyl]phosphonic acid) in dormant weed seeds. Plant Physiol 85:155–157 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heap, I (2021) The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database. https://weedscience.org. Accessed: February 20, 2021Google Scholar
Horak, MJ, Loughin, TM (2000) Growth analysis of four Amaranthus species. Weed Sci 48:347–355 10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0347:GAOFAS]2.0.CO;2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK (2012) Influence of late-season herbicide applications on control, fecundity, and progeny fitness of glyphosate-resistant Palme amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) biotypes from Arkansas. Weed Technol 26:807–812 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeley, PE, Carter, CH, Thullen, RJ (1987) Influence of planting date on growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 35:199–204 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyers, SL, Jennings, KM, Monks, DW (2013) Herbicide-based weed management programs for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in sweetpotato. Weed Technol 27:331–340 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, LD, Jennings, KM, Monks, DW, Boyette, MD, Jordan, DL, Leon, RG (2021) Herbicide systems including linuron for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control in sweetpotato. Weed Technol 35:49–56 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Korres, NE, Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2016) Integrating herbicide programs with harvest weed seed control and other fall management practices for the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 64:540–550 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Oliveira, MJ, Jha, P, Malik, M, Buckelew, JK, Jennings, KM, Monks, DW (2008) Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass grown with plasticulture-grown bell pepper. Weed Technol 22:296–302 10.1614/WT-07-043.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarangi, D, Werner, KM, Pilipovic, B, Dotray, PA, Bagavathiannan, MV (2020) Impact of cotton desiccants on seed viability of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Page 236 in 2020 Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of America. Maui, Hawaii, March 2–5, 2020Google Scholar
Sawma, JT, Mohler, CL (2002) Evaluating seed viability by an unimbibed seed crush test in comparison with the tetrazolium test. Weed Technol 16:781–786 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Green, JK, Norsworthy, JK (2017b) Seed retention of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in soybean. Weed Technol 31:617–622 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Walsh, MJ, Bagavathiannan, MV (2017a) Efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor on weds of soybean and rice production systems in the Southern United States. Crop Sci 57:2812–2818 10.2135/cropsci2017.03.0210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Young, BG, Bradley, KW, Kruger, GR, Davis, VM, Steckel, LE, Walsh, MJ (2016) Tall waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed production and retention at soybean maturity. Weed Technol 30:284–290 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scruggs, EB, VanGessel, MJ, Holshouser, DL, Flessner, ML (2020) Palmer amaranth control, fecundity, and seed viability from soybean herbicides applied at first female inflorescence. Weed Technol 35:426–432 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellers, BA, Smeda, RJ, Johnson, WG, Kendig, JA, Ellersieck, MR (2003) Comparative growth of six Amaranthus species in Missouri. Weed Sci 51:329–333 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sosnoskie, LM, Culpepper, AS, Grey, TL, Webster, TM (2012) Compensatory growth in Palmer amaranth: effects on weed seed production and crop yield. Page 99 in 2012 Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science Annual Meeting. Reno, Nevada, March 12–15, 2012Google Scholar
Sosnoskie, LM, Webster, TM, Grey, TL, Culpepper, AS (2014) Severed stems of Amaranthus palmeri are capable of regrowth and seed production in Gossypium hirsutum . Ann Appl Biol 165:147–154 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, AE, Peeper, TF, Solie, JB (2001) Cheat (Bromus secalinus) control with herbicides applied to mature seeds. Weed Technol 15:382–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Wychen, L (2019) 2019 Survey of the most common and troublesome weeds in broadleaf crops, fruits & vegetables in the United States and Canada. Weed Science Society of America National Weed Survey Dataset. https://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/2019-Weed-Survey_broadleaf-crops.xlsx. Accessed: February 20, 2021Google Scholar
Van Wychen, L (2020) 2020 Survey of the most common and troublesome weeds in grass crops, pasture, and turf in the United States and Canada. Weed Science Society of America National Weed Survey Dataset. https://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/2020-Weed-Survey_grass-crops.xlsx. Accessed: February 20, 2021Google Scholar
Ward, SM, Webster, TW, Steckel, LE (2013) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): a review. Weed Technol 27:12–27 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitaker, JR, York, AC, Jordan, DL, Culpepper, AS, Sosnoskie, LM (2011) Residual herbicides for Palmer amaranth control. J Cotton Sci 15:89–99 Google Scholar