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Impact of Totally Impermeable Film on the Efficacy of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin Mixtures for the Control of Nutsedge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2017

Mary C. Stevens ,
Joshua H. Freeman  and
Peter J. Dittmar
Mary C. Stevens
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
Joshua H. Freeman*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
Peter J. Dittmar
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Methyl bromide (MBr) was a widely used fumigant in plasticulture because of its effectiveness against soil-borne pests and weeds in high-value crops; however, it was found to be a class 1 ozone-depleting substance and is no longer available for use in most of the United States. A mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin (Pic-Clor 60) is an alternative that has been used to control soil-borne pathogens and nematodes, and has marginal control of weeds. Virtually impermeable film (VIF) and totally impermeable film (TIF) retain fumigants in the soil longer than the low- and high-density polyethylene films typically used in plasticulture production systems. The increased retention by these films may result in greater control of recalcitrant weeds such as nutsedge. Four rates of Pic-Clor 60 (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg ai ha−1) used with TIF, 280 kg ai ha−1 of Pic-Clor 60 used with VIF, and one nontreated control with VIF were evaluated for 2 yr to assess control of yellow and purple nutsedge and to determine an efficacious Pic-Clor 60 rate used with TIF. TIF with a lower rate of 224 kg ai ha−1 of Pic-Clor 60 significantly controlled nutsedge populations compared to a high rate of 280 kg ai ha−1 with VIF.

Methyl bromide (MBr) fue un fumigante ampliamente usado en plasticultura por su efectividad para el control de plagas de suelo y de malezas en cultivos de alto valor, sin embargo, fue clasificado como una sustancia clase 1 degradadora de ozono por lo que ya no está disponible para su uso en la mayoría de los Estados Unidos. Una mezcla de 1,3-dichloropropene y chloropicrin (Pic-Clor 60) es una alternativa que ha sido usada para el control de patógenos de suelo y nematodos y tiene un control de malezas marginal. Las coberturas de filme virtualmente impermeable (VIF) y de filme totalmente impermeable (TIF) retienen a los fumigantes en el suelo por más tiempo que las coberturas de polyethylene de alta densidad típicamente usadas en sistemas de producción con plasticultura. La mayor retención con estas coberturas podría resultar en mayor control de malezas recalcitrantes tales como las especies Cyperus. Se estudiaron cuatro dosis de Pic-Clor 60 (112, 168, 224, y 280 kg ai ha−1) con TIF, 280 kg ai ha−1 de Pic-Clor 60 con VIF, y un testigo sin tratamiento con VIF durante 2 años para evaluar el control de Cyperus esculentus y Cyperus rotundus para identificar una dosis de Pic-Clor 60 eficaz con TIF. TIF con una dosis baja de 224 kg ai ha−1 de Pic-Clor 60 controló significativamente poblaciones de Cyperus al compararse con una dosis alta de 280 kg ai ha−1 con VIF.

Keywords

1,3-dichloropropenechloropicrintotally impermeable filmvirtually impermeable filmpurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L.yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.Fumigationmethyl bromide alternativesplasticultureweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 910 - 918
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Robert Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

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