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Growth Analysis of Cotton in Competition with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Xiaoyan Ma ,
Jinyan Yang ,
Hanwen Wu ,
Weili Jiang ,
Yajie Ma  and
Yan Ma
Xiaoyan Ma*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China 455000
Jinyan Yang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China 455000
Hanwen Wu
Affiliation:
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
Weili Jiang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China 455000
Yajie Ma
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China 455000
Yan Ma
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China 455000
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to determine the influence of velvetleaf densities of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants m−1 of row on cotton growth and yield. The relationship between velvetleaf density and seed cotton yield was described by the hyperbolic decay regression model, which estimated that a density of 0.44 to 0.48 velvetleaf m−1 of row would result in a seed cotton yield loss of 50%. Velvetleaf remained taller and thicker than cotton throughout the growing season. Both cotton height and stem diameter reduced with increasing velvetleaf density. Moreover, velvetleaf interference delayed cotton maturity, especially at velvetleaf densities of 1 to 8 plants m−1 of row, and cotton boll number and weight, seed numbers per boll, and lint percentage were also reduced. Fiber quality was not influenced by weed density when analyzed over 2 yr; however, fiber length uniformity and micronaire were adversely affected in 2014. Velvetleaf intraspecific competition resulted in density-dependent effects on weed biomass, ranging from 97 to 204 g plant−1 dry weight. Velvetleaf seed production per plant or per square meter was indicated by a logarithmic response. At a density of 1 plant m−1 of cotton row, velvetleaf produced approximately 20,000 seeds m−2. The adverse impact of velvetleaf on cotton growth and development identified in this study have indicated the need for effective management of this species when the weed density is greater than 0.25 to 0.5 plant m−1 of row and before the weed seed maturity.

Experimentos de campo fueron realizados en 2013 y 2014 para determinar la influencia de densidades de Abutilon theophrasti de 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, y 8 plantas m−1 de hilera en el crecimiento y el rendimiento del algodón. La relación entre la densidad de A. theophrasti y el rendimiento de semilla de algodón fue descrita con un modelo de regresión hiperbólico decreciente, el cual estimó que una densidad de 0.44 a 0.48 plantas de A. theophrasti m−1 de hilera resultaría en una pérdida del rendimiento de semilla de algodón de 50%. A. theophrasti se mantuvo con una mayor altura y grosor que el algodón a lo largo de toda la temporada de crecimiento. Tanto la altura como el diámetro de tallo del algodón se redujeron con el aumento en la densidad de A. theophrasti. Además, la interferencia de A. theophrasti retrasó la madurez del algodón, especialmente con densidades de A. theophrasti de 1 a 8 plantas m−1 de hilera. Además, el número y peso de los frutos del algodón, el número de semillas por fruto, y el porcentaje de fibra también fueron reducidos. La calidad de la fibra no fue influenciada por la densidad de la maleza cuando se analizaron los resultados promediando dos años. Sin embargo, la uniformidad del largo de la fibra y el grosor de la fibra fueron adversamente afectados en 2014. La competencia intra-específica de A. theophrasti afectó la biomasa de la maleza en forma dependiente de la densidad variando desde 97 a 204 g planta−1 de peso seco. La producción de semilla de A. theophrasti por planta o por metro cuadrado fue descrita mediante una respuesta logarítmica. A una densidad de 1 planta m−1 de hilera de algodón, A. theophrasti produjo aproximadamente 20,000 semillas m−2. El impacto adverso de A. theophrasti sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del algodón identificado en este estudio ha indicado la necesidad de un manejo efectivo de esta especie cuando la densidad de la maleza es mayor de 0.25 a 0.5 plantas m−1 de hilera y esto se debe hacer antes de la madurez de la semilla de la maleza.

Keywords

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTHcotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.Fiber propertiesproductive growthseed cotton yieldseed productionweed biomass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 123 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Jason Bond, Mississippi State University

References

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