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Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nathan S. Boyd
Nathan S. Boyd*
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Purple nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture vegetable production due to its ability to penetrate the plastic mulch. Experiments were conducted in the fall 2013 and spring 2014 at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, to evaluate a range of PRE herbicides for ‘Charger' and ‘Florida 47’ tomato cultivars tolerance and herbicide efficacy on nutsedge. Fall-applied herbicides did not stunt nor damage either tomato cultivar. Tank mixes applied in the spring that contained EPTC as well as the fomesafen + S-metolachlor + napropamide tended to stunt Charger. The EPTC + fomesafen, the EPTC + fomesafen + S-metolachlor, and the fomesafen + S-metolachlor + napropamide stunted Florida 47. Crop damage in the spring was consistently higher where tank mixes were applied that contained EPTC. In the fall of 2013, S-metolachlor and fomesafen + S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 84 to 90% compared to the nontreated control; in the fall of 2014, napropamide + S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 88% compared to the nontreated control. In the spring of 2013 halosulfuron and a tank mix of EPTC + S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 25% compared to the nontreated control. None of the herbicide treatments had a consistent effect on yield, although Florida 47 yields tended to be lower where tank mixes containing EPTC were applied.

Cyperus rotundus es una maleza problemática en la producción de vegetales con plasticultura debido a su habilidad de penetrar las coberturas plásticas. En el otoño de 2013 y la primavera de 2014, se realizaron experimentos en el Centro de Investigación y Educación de la Costa del Golfo en Balm, Florida, para evaluar la tolerancia de los cultivares de tomate ‘Charger' y ‘Florida 47′ a una variedad de herbicidas PRE y su eficacia para el control de C. rotundus. Mezclas en tanque aplicadas en la primavera y que contenían EPTC y fomesafen + S-metolachlor + napropamide mostraron una tendencia a reducir el crecimiento de Charger. EPTC + fomesafen, EPTC + fomesafen + S-metolachlor, y fomesafen + S-metolachlor + napropamide redujeron el crecimiento de Florida 47. El daño al cultivo en la primavera fue consistentemente mayor donde se aplicaron mezclas en tanque que contenían EPTC. En el otoño de 2013, S-metolachlor y fomesafen + S-metolachlor redujeron la densidad de C. rotundus de 84 a 90% al compararse con el testigo sin tratamiento. En el otoño de 2014, napropamide + S-metolachlor redujo la densidad de C. rotundus 88% al compararse con el testigo sin tratamiento. En la primavera de 2013, halosulfuron y una mezcla en tanque de EPTC + S-metolachlor redujeron la densidad de C. rotundus 25% en comparación con el testigo. Ninguno de los tratamientos con herbicidas tuvo un efecto consistente sobre el rendimiento, aunque los rendimientos de Florida 47 tendieron a ser menores cuando se aplicaron mezclas que contenían EPTC.

Keywords

EPTCfomesafenhalosulfuronnapropamideS-metolachlorpurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L.tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.Plasticulturesoil-active herbicidesvegetables
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 480 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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