Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T05:21:50.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Light on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Claudio M. Ghersa ,
Maria A. Martinez-Ghersa ,
Jorge J. Casal ,
Miriam Kaufman ,
Mary Lynn Roush  and
Victor A. Deregibus
Claudio M. Ghersa
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Maria A. Martinez-Ghersa
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Jorge J. Casal
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Miriam Kaufman
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mary Lynn Roush
Affiliation:
Dep. For. Sci., College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
Victor A. Deregibus
Affiliation:
Dep. Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine whether manipulation of radiation environment during the period of winter wheat establishment can be used to improve wheat yields in Italian ryegrass-infested fields. Percentage of total irradiation and ratio of red (R) light (around 660 ηm) to far-red (FR) light (around 730 ηm) reaching the soil surface were important factors in regulating Italian ryegrass germination, growth, and competitive interactions with wheat. Reducing total irradiation to about 10% of full sunlight while maintaining the normal R/FR ratio of about 1.0 reduced wheat grain production in the presence of Italian ryegrass by about 40% compared with weed-free wheat in full sunlight. Further, reducing total irradiation to 3% of full sunlight plus reducing the R/FR ratio to about 0.2 reduced wheat grain production competing with Italian ryegrass by about 35% compared with production in the control conditions. Wheat production of dry matter, spikes, and seeds in the presence of Italian ryegrass increased more than threefold under both shading treatments compared with production in full sunlight.

Keywords

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. 'Stephen’Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum # LOLMUSeedling establishmentweed germinationyield lossesLOLMU
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 37 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alm, D. M., McGiffen, M. E. Jr., and Hesketh, D. J. 1991. Weed phenology. P. 191–218 in Hodges, T., ed. Predicting Crop Phenology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
2. Andrews, D. J. and Kassam, A. H. 1976. The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies. Am. Soc. Agron. Spec. Publ. 27:1–10.Google Scholar
3. Ballare, C. L. 1993. Light gaps: sensing the light opportunities in highly dynamic canopy environments. Chapter 3 in Caldwell, M. M. and Pearcy, R. W., eds. Exploitation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants. Eco-physiological Processes Above and Below Ground. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
4. Bewley, J. D. and Black, M. 1982. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination. P. 276–334 in Vol. 2, Viability, Dormancy and Environmental Control. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
5. Casal, J. J. and Smith, H. 1989. The function, action and adaptive significance of phytochrome in light-grown plants. Plant Cell Environ. 12:855–862.Google Scholar
6. Casal, J. J., Sanchez, R. A., DiBenedetto, A. H., and DeMiguel, L. C. 1991. Light promotion of seed germination in Datura ferox is mediated by a highly stable pool of phytochrome. Photochem. Photobiol. 53:249–254.Google Scholar
7. Ching, T. M. and Foote, W. H. 1961. Post harvest dormancy in wheat varieties. Agron. J. 53:183–186.Google Scholar
8. Cone, J. W. and Kendrick, R. E. 1986. Photocontrol of seed germination. P. 443–465 in Kendrick, R. E. and Kronenberg, L., eds. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
9. Ellis, R. H., Hong, T. D., and Roberts, E. H. 1985. Handbooks for genebanks No. 3. Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks. Vol 2, Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome. 250 p.Google Scholar
10. Fowler, N. L. 1984. The roles of germination date, spatial arrangement and neighborhood effects in competitive interactions in Linum . J. Ecol. 72:307–318.Google Scholar
11. Frankland, B. 1981. Germination in shade. P. 187–204 in Smith, H., ed. Plants and the Daylight Spectrum. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
12. Frankland, B. 1986. The perception of light quantity. P. 219–235 in Kendrick, R. E. and Kronenberg, L., eds. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
13. Ghersa, C. M. and Martinez-Ghersa, M. A. 1991. A field method for predicting yield losses in maize caused by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Technol. 5:279–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Gronwald, J. W., Eberlein, C. V., Betts, K. J., Rosow, K. M., Ehlke, N. J., and Wyse, D. L. 1989. Diclofop resistance in a biotype of Italian ryegrass. Plant Physiol. 89:115.Google Scholar
15. Gross, K. L. 1984. Effects of seed size and growth form on seedling establishment of six monocarpic perennial plants. J. Ecol. 72:369–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Harrington, J. B. and Knowles, P. F. 1940. Dormancy in wheat and barley varieties in relation to breeding. Sci. Agric. (Ottawa) 20:355–364.Google Scholar
17. Hashem, A. 1991. Effect of density, proportion, and spatial arrangement on the competition of winter wheat and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). Ph.D Thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.Google Scholar
18. Heap, J. and Night, R. 1982. A population of ryegrass tolerant to the herbicide diclofop-methyl. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 48:157–158.Google Scholar
19. Jennings, P. R. 1974. Rice breeding and the world food production. Science 185:1085–1088.Google Scholar
20. Morgan, D. C. and Smith, H. 1981. Non-photosynthetic responses to light quality. P. 109–134 in Nobel, P., ed. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series 12A. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
21. Patterson, D. T. 1985. Comparative ecophysiology of weeds and crops. P. 101–130 in Duke, S. O., ed. Weed Physiology. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
22. Radosevich, S. R. 1987. Methods to study interactions among crops and weeds. Weed Technol. 1:190–195.Google Scholar
23. Simpson, G. M. 1990. The occurrence of dormancy in the Gramineae. P. 3–59 in Simpson, G. M., ed. Seed Dormancy in Grasses. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
24. Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:135–154.Google Scholar
25. Thompson, P. A. and Fox, D. J. C. 1976. The germination responses of vegetable seeds in relation to their history of cultivation by man. Sci. Hortic. 4:1–4.Google Scholar
26. van Staden, J. and Hendry, N. S. 1985. An evaluation of the problem of volunteer ryegrass in seed production. S. Afr. Tydskr. Plant Grond 2:157–160.Google Scholar