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Cover crop response to residual herbicides in peanut-cotton rotation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2020

Katilyn J. Price ,
Xiao Li Open the ORCID record for Xiao Li [Opens in a new window]  and
Andrew Price
Katilyn J. Price
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Xiao Li*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Andrew Price
Affiliation:
Plant Physiologist, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Xiao Li, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL36849. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cover crops can provide many benefits to peanut and cotton crops planted in rotation including suppressing weeds, conserving soil moisture after termination, increasing soil organic matter, and reducing soil erosion. However, herbicide carryover can affect cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of 6 cover crops (daikon radish, cereal rye, oat, crimson clover, winter wheat, and common vetch) to 12 soil residual herbicides. A multiyear (2016–2018), multilocation study was conducted in Macon and Henry counties, Alabama. Herbicide treatments included S-metolachlor, acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, diclosulam, imazapic, chlorimuron-ethyl, bentazon plus acifluorfen, pyrithiobac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, diuron, prometryn, and flumioxazin, each applied at 10% of the full-labeled rate. At 42 to 52 and 145 to 149 d after planting (DAP), cover crop plant heights and stand counts were evaluated, as was biomass at 145 to 149 DAP. Treatments varied from year to year but not locations. In 2016, significant stand reductions (P ≤ 0.10) of 36% to 43% in rye and 44% to 75% in wheat were observed at 48 to 52 DAP for S-metolachlor, acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, imazapic, and bentazon plus acifluorfen compared with nontreated plants. Vetch had stand reductions ranging from 14% to 80% for all treatments 50 DAP except for plants treated with prometryn. S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor reduced stands of rye, wheat, and vetch more than any other herbicides. In 2017, at 147 to 149 DAP, clover stands were reduced by 29% with diclosulam and by 38% with trifloxysulfuron-sodium. Similarly, radish stands were reduced by 64% with diclosulam treatment. No significant biomass reductions were observed for any cover crop species either year. Oat showed the most tolerance with no treatments reducing any growth parameters either year. Although initial injury and stunting may occur, biomass at termination of cover crops were not affected by herbicide residues evaluated in this study.

Keywords

Biomassestablishmentherbicide carryoverstand reductionAcetochloracifluorfenbentazonchlorimuron-ethyldiclosulamdiuronflumioxazinimazapicprometrynpyroxasulfonepyrithiobac-sodiumS-metolachlortrifloxysulfuron-sodiumcereal ryeSecale cereal L.common vetchVicia villosa L.cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.daikon radish, Raphanus sativis L.oat, Avena sativa L.peanut, Arachis hypogaea L.winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , August 2020 , pp. 534 - 539
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Lawrence E. Steckel, University of Tennessee

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