Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:56:30.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Suppression by Live and Desiccated Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

John R. Teasdale  and
Craig S. T. Daughtry
John R. Teasdale
Affiliation:
Weed Sci. Lab. and Remote Sensing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS. Beltsville. MD 20705
Craig S. T. Daughtry
Affiliation:
Weed Sci. Lab. and Remote Sensing Res. Lab., USDA-ARS. Beltsville. MD 20705
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Hairy vetch was grown as a winter annual cover crop and evaluated for weed suppression when desiccated by paraquat or left alive until natural senescence in a 3-yr field experiment. Total weed density and biomass were variable in the desiccated hairy vetch treatment relative to a bare soil treatment but were consistently lower in the live hairy vetch treatment relative to the desiccated or bare soil treatments. An average of 87% of sites under live hairy vetch compared to 8% of sites under desiccated hairy vetch transmitted less than 1% of unobstructed sunlight. The red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) ratio of transmitted light was reduced by 70% under live hairy vetch compared to 17% under desiccated hairy vetch. Daily maximum soil temperature and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were reduced by live hairy vetch > desiccated hairy vetch > bare soil. Soil moisture content was greater under both live and desiccated hairy vetch compared to bare soil during droughty periods. Changes in light extinction, red to far-red ratio, and diurnal soil temperature amplitude were sufficient to explain greater weed suppression by live than desiccated hairy vetch.

Keywords

Paraquat, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ionhairy vetch, Vicia villosa RothLight transmittancelight spectrumsoil temperaturesoil moisture
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , June 1993 , pp. 207 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1988. Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. Am. J. Bot. 75:286–305.Google Scholar
2. Blevins, R. L., Herbek, J. H., and Frye, W. W. 1990. Legume cover crops as a nitrogen source for no-till corn and sorghum. Agron. J. 82:769–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bristow, K. L. 1988. The role of mulch and its architecture in modifying soil temperature. Aust. J. Soil Res. 26:269–280.Google Scholar
4. Frankland, B. 1981. Germination in shade. Pages 187–204 in Smith, H., ed. Plants and the Daylight Spectrum. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
5. Holderbaum, J. F., Decker, A. M., Meisinger, J. J., Mulford, F. R., and Vough, L. R. 1990. Fall-seeded legume cover crops for no-tillage corn in the humid east. Agron. J. 82:117–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Kronenberg, G.H.M. and Kendrick, R. E. 1986. Phytochrome. The physiology of action. Pages 99–114 in Kendrick, R. E. and Kronenberg, G.H.M., eds. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. McVay, K. A., Radcliffe, D. E., and Hargrove, W. L. 1989. Winter legume effects on soil properties and nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1856–1862.Google Scholar
8. Smith, H. 1986. The light environment. The perception of light quality. Pages 187–217 in Kendrick, R. E. and Kronenberg, G.H.M., eds. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
9. Taylorson, R. B. 1970. Changes in dormancy and viability of weed seeds in soils. Weed Sci. 18:265–269.Google Scholar
10. Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:135–154.Google Scholar
11. Taylorson, R. B. and Borthwick, H. A. 1969. Light filtration by foliar canopies: Significance for light-controlled weed seed germination. Weed Sci. 17:48–51.Google Scholar
12. Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Interaction of light, soil moisture, and temperature with weed suppression by hairy vetch residue. Weed Sci. (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1992. Weed suppression by residue from hairy vetch and rye cover crops. Proc. First Int. Weed Control Congr. 2:516–518.Google Scholar
14. Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1992. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron. J. (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Wagger, M. G. 1989. Time of desiccation effects on plant composition and subsequent nitrogen release from several winter annual cover crops. Agron. J. 81:236–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Wagger, M. G. 1989. Cover crop management and nitrogen rate in relation to growth and yield of no-till corn. Agron. J. 81:533–538.Google Scholar
17. White, R. H. and Worsham, A. D. 1990. Control of legume cover crops in no-till corn and cotton. Weed Technol. 4:57–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. White, R. H., Worsham, A. D., and Blum, U. 1989. Allelopathic potential of legume debris and aqueous extracts. Weed Sci. 37. 674–679.Google Scholar