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Weed Seed Population Response to Tillage and Herbicide Use in Three Irrigated Cropping Sequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Daniel A. Ball  and
Stephen D. Miller
Daniel A. Ball
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant, Soil, and Insect Sci., Univ. Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
Stephen D. Miller
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant, Soil, and Insect Sci., Univ. Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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Abstract

Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seed bank in three irrigated row cropping sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr (CN), continuous pinto beans for 3 yr (PB), and sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year (SB). A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The density of certain annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seed bank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing. Species exhibiting the most pronounced increase included hairy nightshade and stinkgrass in the PB cropping sequence and redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in the SB sequence. Conversely, kochia seed density in the SB sequence decreased more rapidly in chisel-plowed plots. Row cultivation generally reduced seed bank densities of most species compared to uncultivated plots. Herbicide use in each cropping sequence produced a shift in the weed seed bank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. In particular, seed of hairy nightshade became prevalent in the PB cropping sequence, and seed of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters became prevalent in the SB sequence.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L.pinto beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.sugarbeets Beta vulgaris L.hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner # SOLSAstinkgrass, Eragrostis cilianensis [All.] Lulati # ERACNredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALkochia, Kochia scoparia [L.] Schrad. # KCHSCWeed shiftsseed bankreduced tillageconservation tillagepopulation dynamics
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , November 1990 , pp. 511 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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