Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:28:52.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

There Is No Evidence of Geographical Patterning among Invasive Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Populations in the Northern Great Plains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lauren A. Dennhardt ,
Edward S. DeKeyser ,
Sarah A. Tennefos  and
Steven E. Travers
Lauren A. Dennhardt*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
Edward S. DeKeyser
Affiliation:
Department of Range Science in the School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
Sarah A. Tennefos
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
Steven E. Travers
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The study of colonizing and of dominant grass species is essential for prairie conservation efforts. We sought to answer how naturalized Kentucky bluegrass in the northern Great Plains has become successful in the last 20 yr despite its long history in the northern Great Plains. We tested for evidence of geographical differentiation using flow cytometry and microsatellite markers to ascertain the population genetics of Kentucky bluegrass. Across all tested wild populations, high levels of genetic diversity were detected along with moderate levels of structure. Mantel tests of geographical patterns were not significant. Using clonal assignment, we found two major clones that made up the majority of the tested wild populations. When we compared the wild individuals to pedigree cultivars, we found virtually no genetic overlap across all tests, which did not support our hypothesis of developed cultivars contributing to high genetic diversity in natural populations. Furthermore, DNA content tests indicated a narrow range in ploidy in wild populations compared with lawn cultivars, further supporting a hypothesis of divergence between wild and pedigree cultivars. These results indicate the recent invasion of Kentucky bluegrass in the northern Great Plains is not because of adaptation or propagule pressure, but rather likely an environmental or land use shift.

Keywords

Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L.C3clonalinvasionmicrosatellitesPoaceaeprairie
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 409 - 420
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Steven Seefeldt, University of Alaska at Fairbanks.

References

Literature Cited

Andreakis, N, Kooistra, WHCF, Procaccini, G (2009) High genetic diversity and connectivity in the polyploid invasive seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales) in the Mediterranean, explored with microsatellite alleles and multilocus genotypes. Mol Ecol 18: 212–226 Google Scholar
Anonymous (2012) BD Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer Instrument Manual. San Jose, CA: BD Biosciences. 31 pGoogle Scholar
Anonymous (2012) DNeasy Plant Mini Kit Manual. Germantown, MD: Qiagen Google Scholar
Arnaud-Haond, S, Duarte, CM, Alberto, F, Serrão, EA (2007) Standardizing methods to address clonality in population studies. Mol Ecol 16: 5115–5139 Google Scholar
Ashley, MV, Wilk, JA, Styan, SM, Craft, KJ, Jones, KL, Feldheim, KA, Lewers, KS, Ashman, TL (2003) High variability and disomic segregation of microsatellites in the octoploid Fragaria virginiana Mill. (Rosaceae). Theor Appl Genet 107: 1201–1207 Google Scholar
Bahm, MA, Barnes, TG, Jensen, KC (2011) Herbicide and fire effects on smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in invaded prairie remnants. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 4: 189–197 Google Scholar
Baker, HG (1965) Characteristics and mode of origin of weeds. Pages 147–172 in The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York: Academic Press Google Scholar
Balloux, F, Lehmann, L, Meeus, T (2003) The population genetics of clonal and partially clonal diploids. Genetics 164: 1635–1644 Google Scholar
Barcaccia, G, Mazzucato, A, Belardinelli, A, Pezzotti, M, Lucretti, S, Falcinelli, M (1997) Inheritance of parental genomes in progenies of Poa pratensis L. from sexual and apomictic genotypes as assessed by RAPD markers and flow cytometry. Theor Appl Genet 95: 516–524 Google Scholar
Bashaw, EC, Funk, RC (1987) Apomictic grasses. Pages 40–82 in Fehr, WR, ed. Principles of Cultivar Development. New York, NY: Macmillan Google Scholar
Beest, M, Le Roux, JJ, Richardson, DM, Brysting, AK, Suda, J, Kubesova, M, Pysek, P (2012) The more the better? The role of polyploidy in facilitating plant invasions. Ann Bot (Lond) 109: 19–45 Google Scholar
BrettYoung (2014) 2014 Turfseed Reference Guide. Winnipeg, MB, Canada: BrettYoung. Pp 61–88 Google Scholar
Bruvo, R, Michiels, NK, D'Souza, TG, Schulenburg, H (2004) A simple method for the calculation of microsatellite genotype distances irrespective of ploidy level. Mol Ecol 13: 2101–2106 Google Scholar
Bushman, BS, Warnke, SE, Amundsen, KL, Combs, KM, Johnson, PG (2013) Molecular markers highlight variation within and among Kentucky bluegrass varieties and accessions. Crop Sci 53: 2245–2254 Google Scholar
Clark, LV, Jasieniuk, M (2011) POLYSAT: an R package for polyploid microsatellite analysis. Mol Ecol Resour 11: 562–566 Google Scholar
Cully, AC, Cully, JF, Hiebert, RD (2003) Invasion of exotic plant species in tallgrass prairie fragments. Conserv Biol 17: 990–998 Google Scholar
DeKeyser, ES, Dennhardt, LA, Hendrickson, J (2015) Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) invasion in the northern Great Plains: a story of rapid dominance in an endangered ecosystem. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 8: 255–261 Google Scholar
DeKeyser, ES, Meehan, M, Clambey, G, Krabbenhoft, K (2013) Cool season invasive grasses in northern Great Plains natural areas. Nat Areas J 33: 81–90 Google Scholar
DeKeyser, S, Clambey, G, Krabbenhoft, K, Ostendorf, J (2009) Are changes in species composition on central North Dakota rangelands due to non-use management? Rangelands 31: 16–19 Google Scholar
Doležel, J, Greilhuber, J, Suda, J (2007) Estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants using flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2: 2233–2244 Google Scholar
Douhovnikoff, V, Dodd, RS (2003) Intra-clonal variation and a similarity threshold for identification of clones: application to Salix exigua using AFLP molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet 106: 1307–1315 Google Scholar
Dufresne, F, Stift, M, Vergilino, R, Mable, BK (2014) Recent progress and challenges in population genetics of polyploid organisms: an overview of current state-of-the-art molecular and statistical tools. Mol Ecol 23: 40–69 Google Scholar
Eaton, TD, Curley, J, Williamson, RC, Jung, G (2004) Determination of the level of variation in polyploidy among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars by means of flow cytometry. Crop Sci 44: 2168 Google Scholar
Hardy, O, Vekemans, X (2002) SPAGeDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Mol Ecol Notes 2: 618–620 Google Scholar
Honig, J, Averello, V, Bonos, S, Meyer, W (2012) Classification of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars and accessions based on microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) Markers. HortScience 47: 1356–1366 Google Scholar
Honig, J, Bonos, S, Meyer, W (2010) Isolation and characterization of 88 polymorphic microsatellite markers in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). HortScience 45: 1759–1763 Google Scholar
Huff, D, Bara, J (1993) Determining genetic origins of aberrant progeny from facultative apomictic Kentucky bluegrass using a combination of flow cytometry and silver-stained RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet 87: 201–208 Google Scholar
Johnson, RC, Johnston, WJ, Golob, CT, Nelson, MC, Soreng, RJ (2002) Characterization of the USDA Poa pratensis collection using RAPD markers and agronomic descriptors. Genet Resour Crop Evol 49: 349–361 Google Scholar
Kibbe, WA (2007) OligoCalc: an online oligonucleotide properties calculator. Nucleic Acids Res 35(web server issue):W43–w46 Google Scholar
Kirk, H, Paul, J, Straka, J, Freeland, JR (2011) Long-distance dispersal and high genetic diversity are implicated in the invasive spread of the common reed, Phragmites australis (Poaceae), in northeastern North America. Am J Bot 98: 1180–1190 Google Scholar
Lavergne, S, Molofsky, J (2007) Increased genetic variation and evolutionary potential drive the success of an invasive grass. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 3883–3888 Google Scholar
Little, TJ (2005) Genetic diversity and polyploidy in the cosmopolitan asexual ostracod Cypris pubera . J Plankton Res 27: 1287–1293 Google Scholar
Meirmans, PG, Van Tienderen, PH (2004) GENOTYPE and GENODIVE: two programs for the analysis of genetic diversity of asexual organisms. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 792–794 Google Scholar
Merrill, KR, Meyer, SE, Coleman, CE (2012) Population genetic analysis of Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) indicates recent range expansion may be facilitated by specialist genotypes. Am J Bot 99: 529–537 Google Scholar
Moody, ME, Mueller, LD, Soltis, DE (1993) Genetic variation and random drift in autotetraploid populations. Genetics 134: 649–657 Google Scholar
Narayan, L, Dodd, RS, O'Hara, KL (2015) A genotyping protocol for multiple tissue types from the polyploid tree species Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae). Appl Plant Sci 3: 1400110. DOI: 10.3732/apps.1400110Google Scholar
Nei, M (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583–590 Google Scholar
Oetting, WS, Lee, HK, Flanders, DJ, Wiesner, GL, Sellers, TA, King, RA (1995) Linkage analysis with multiplexed short tandem repeat polymorphisms using infrared fluorescence and M13 tailed primers. Genomics 30: 450–458 Google Scholar
Pappert, R, Hamrick, JL, Donovan, L (2000) Genetic variation in Pueraria lobata (Fabaceae), an introduced, clonal, invasive plant of the southeastern United States. Am J Bot 87: 1240–1245 Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, T, Roschanski, AM, Pannell, JR, Korbecka, G, Schnittler, M (2011) Characterization of microsatellite loci and reliable genotyping in a polyploid plant, Mercurialis perennis (Euphorbiaceae). J Hered 102: 479–488 Google Scholar
Prugnolle, F, De Meeûs, T (2008) The impact of clonality on parasite population genetic structure. Parasite 15: 455–457 Google Scholar
Raggi, L, Bitocchi, E, Russi, L, Marconi, G, Sharbel, T, Veronesi, F, Albertini, E (2015) Understanding genetic diversity and population structure of a Poa pratensis worldwide collection through morphological, nuclear and chloroplast diversity analysis. PLOS ONE 10: e0124709. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124709Google Scholar
Ronfort, J, Jenczewski, E, Bataillon, T, Rousset, F (1998) Analysis of population structure in autotetraploid species. Genetics 150: 921–930 Google Scholar
Ross, AA, Aldrich-Wolfe, L, Lance, S, Glenn, T, Travers, SE (2013) Microsatellite markers in the western prairie fringed orchid, Platanthera praeclara (Orchidaceae). Appl Plant Sci 1: 1200413. DOI: 10.3732/apps.1200413Google Scholar
Sakai, AK, Allendorf, FW, Holt, JS, Lodge, DM, Molofsky, J, With, KA, Baughman, S, Cabin, RJ, Cohen, JE, Ellstrand, NC, McCauley, DE, O'Neil, P, Parker, IM, Thompson, JN, Weller, SG (2001) The population biology of invasive species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 32: 305–332 Google Scholar
Samson, F, Knopf, F (1994) Prairie conservation in North America. BioScience 44: 418–421 Google Scholar
Soltis, DE, Soltis, PS (1999) Polyploidy: recurrent formation and genome evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 14: 348–352 Google Scholar
Stebbins, GL (1941) Apomixis in the angiosperms. Bot Rev 7: 507–542 Google Scholar
Stebbins, GL (1947) Types of polyploids: their classification and significance. Pages 403–429 in Demerec, M, ed. Advances in Genetics. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Google Scholar
Stoeckel, S, Grange, J, Fernández-Manjarres, JF, Bilger, I, Frascaria-Lacoste, N, Mariette, S (2006) Heterozygote excess in a self-incompatible and partially clonal forest tree species—Prunus avium L. Mol Ecol 15: 2109–2118 Google Scholar
Toledo, D, Sanderson, M, Spaeth, K, Hendrickson, J, Printz, J (2014) Extent of Kentucky bluegrass and its effect on native plant species diversity and ecosystem services in the northern Great Plains of the USA Google Scholar
Uchytil, R (1993 ) Poa pratensis . In Fire Effects Information System, [Online].Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/. Accessed February 28, 2016Google Scholar
Upham, W (1890) Geographic limits of species of plants in the basin of the Red River of the North. Proc Boston Soc Nat Hist 25: 140–172 Google Scholar
[USDA-NRCS] U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service, eds (2014a) The PLANTS Database: Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass: Plants Profile. http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POPR. Accessed February 29, 2016Google Scholar
USDA-NRCS (2014b) National Resources Inventory Rangeland Resource Assessment Google Scholar
Wickham, H (2009) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. 202 pGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y-Y, Zhang, D-Y, Barrett, SCH (2010) Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant. Mol Ecol 19: 1774–1786 Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Dennhardt et al. supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Dennhardt et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 109.5 KB