Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:53:32.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Techniques for Detecting Grass Tolerance to Sethoxydim and Fenoxaprop-Ethyl Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joanna Hubbard  and
Ted Whitwell
Joanna Hubbard
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Clemson Univ. Clemson, SC 29634
Ted Whitwell
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Clemson Univ. Clemson, SC 29634
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Measurements of net photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence and solute leakage were evaluated as techniques for rapid detection of grass tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl and sethoxydim. Net photosynthesis measured as net CO2 uptake of the youngest fully expanded leaf of Calamagrostis arundinacea ‘Karl Foerster’ (Feather Reed Grass) detected tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl and susceptibility to sethoxydim 4 days after treatment and prior to the observation of visual injury. Sethoxydim reduced photosynthesis compared to untreated controls but fenoxaprop-ethyl did not. Measurements of older leaf (second most recently fully expanded leaf) photosynthesis were less consistent than those of the younger leaf. Chlorophyll a fluorescence of Calamagrostis leaf segments following treatment with fenoxaprop-ethyl and sethoxydim was ineffective for detecting grass tolerance. Solute leakage from leaf discs treated with 50 to 500 μg ml−1 fenoxaprop–ethyl and 10 to 100 μg ml−1 sethoxydim indicated differential tolerance of Calamagrostis and johnsongrass to fenoxaprop–ethyl and centipedegrass and johnsongrass to sethoxydim. Fenoxaprop–ethyl increased solute leakage from susceptible johnsongrass at 100 μg ml−1 while the 500 μg ml−1 concentration was required to cause substantial solute leakage from tolerant Calamagrostis. Sethoxydim caused greater leakage from johnsongrass than from centipedegrass at 50 and 100 μg ml−1. The best potential rapid screening technique was solute leakage measurements.

Keywords

Fenoxaprop–ethyl, (+)–ethyl 2–{4–[(6–chloro–2–benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy} propanoic acidsethoxydim, 2–[1–(ethoxyimino)butyl]–5–[2–(ethylthio)propyl]–3–hydroxy–2–cyclohexen–1–oneFeather reed grass, Calamagrostis arundinacea Roth. ‘Karl Foerster’centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hackjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHAPhotosynthesischlorophyll a fluorescencesolute leakage
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 548 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Chandrasena, J.P.N.R. and Sagar, G. R. 1987. Effect of fluazifop-butyl on the chlorophyll content, fluorescence and chloroplast ultrastructure of Elymus repens (L.) Gould leaves. Weed Res. 27:103–112.Google Scholar
2. Crowley, J. and Prendeville, G. N. 1979. Effect of diclofop-methyl on leaf membrane permeability in wild oat, barley and wheat. Can J. Plant Sci. 59:275–277.Google Scholar
3. Higgins, J. M., McCarty, L. B., Whitwell, T., and Miller, L. C. 1987. Bentgrass and bermudagrass putting green turf tolerance to postemergence herbicides. HortScience 22:248–250.Google Scholar
4. Hoppe, H. H. 1985. Differential effect of diclofop-methyl on fatty acid biosynthesis in leaves of sensitive and tolerant plant species. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 23:297–308.Google Scholar
5. Hoppe, H. H. 1980. Changes in membrane permeability, carbohydrate content, lipid content and lipid composition in root tips from Zea mays after treatment with diclofop-methyl. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd. 100S: 415–426.Google Scholar
6. Hubbard, J. and Whitwell, T. 1990. Calamagrostis – a fenoxaprop-ethyl tolerant ornamental grass. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 42:163.Google Scholar
7. Kocher, H., Kellner, H. M., Lotzsch, K., and Dora, E. 1982. Mode of action and metabolic fate of the herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl, HOE 33171. Pages 341–347 in Proc. 1982 Br. Crop Prot. Conf.-Weeds. Google Scholar
8. Leopold, A. C., Musgrave, M. E., and Williams, K. M. 1981. Solute leakage resulting from leaf desiccation. Plant Physiol. 68:1222–1225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. McCarty, L. B., Higgins, J. M., Miller, L. C., and Whitwell, T. 1986. Centipedegrass tolerance to postemergence grass herbicides. HortScience 21:1405–1407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Patterson, K. A., Edwards, M. T., Maxcy, F. B., Crowder, S. H., Hammes, G. G., Peeples, K. A., Morton, C. S., Seay, R. E., Welch, A. W., and Gillham, L. B. 1985. Assure$TM – 1984 postemergence grass herbicide results from Southern U.S. field trials. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 38:48.Google Scholar
11. Richard, E. P., Goss, J. R., Arntzen, C. J., and Slife, F. W. 1983. Determination of herbicide inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by fluorescence. Weed Sci. 31:361–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Schreiber, U., Groberman, L., and Vidaver, W. 1975. Portable solid-state fluorometer for the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in plants. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46:538–542.Google Scholar
13. Walker, D. A. 1985. Measurement of oxygen and chlorophyll fluorescence. Pages 95–106 in Coombs, J., Hall, D. O., Long, S. P., and Scurlock, J.M.O., eds. Techniques in Bioproductivity and photosynthesis. 2nd ed. Pergamon Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
14. Walker, K. A., Ridley, S. M., Lewis, T., and Harwood, J. L. 1988. Fluazifop, a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase in sensitive plant species. Biochem. J. 254:307–310.Google Scholar
15. Willard, T. R., Peacock, C. M., and Shilling, D. G. 1990. Photosynthesis as an index of turfgrass growth following application of herbicides. HortScience 25:451–453.Google Scholar