Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T17:14:23.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soybean (Glycine max), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) sap flow in interspecific competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Ronald E. Jones Jr. ,
Robert H. Walker  and
Glenn Wehtje
Ronald E. Jones Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Glenn Wehtje
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the competitive effect of common cocklebur and sicklepod in soybean. Factors examined included sap flow of both the weed and the crop, as well as the traditional parameters of weed and crop growth and crop yield. The intent was to determine to what extent competitive effects could be attributed to differential water utilization. In the first study, soybean planted at 20 plants m−1 row was infested with either sicklepod at 10 plants m−1 row or common cocklebur at two plants m−1 row. Sicklepod reduced soybean sap flow and yield 53 and 49%, respectively. Common cocklebur reduced soybean sap flow and yield 31 and 38%, respectively. Within a weed species, weed-induced yield and sap flow reductions were comparable, indicating that water deprivation was the primary detriment that these weeds inflicted on soybean. Individual common cocklebur plants were 3.9 times more competitive than sicklepod with respect to reducing soybean yield. However, sap flow of individual common cocklebur plants was only 1.4 times more than that of sicklepod, indicating that water deprivation was not the only causal factor in weed-crop competition. In the second experiment, sicklepod was planted in soybean (fixed density) and clipped to either half the height, same height as soybean, or left unclipped, in an attempt to simulate herbicide-induced stunting. Clipping sicklepod had a positive effect on soybean sap flow and yield. Thus, the benefits of reduced weed competition were achieved without killing sicklepod.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. XANSTsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. CASOBsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Braxton’ GLXMAWeed interferencewater relationswater competitionstem flow gaugeXANSTCASOBGLXMA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 409 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abney, P. B. 1991. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) competitiveness with soybeans (Glycine max) as affected by densities and herbicides. M.S. Thesis. Auburn University, Auburn, AL. 77 p.Google Scholar
Anderson, W. P. 1996. Weed Science, Principles and Applications. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. pp. 13–20.Google Scholar
Baker, J. M. and van Bavel, C.H.M. 1987. Measurement of mass flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants. Plant Cell Environ. 10: 777–782.Google Scholar
Barrentine, W. L. 1974. Common cocklebur competition in soybeans. Weed Sci. 22: 600–603.Google Scholar
Boza, R. C., Oliver, L. R., and Driver, T. L. 1989. Intraspecific and interspecific sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) interference. Weed Sci. 37: 670–673.Google Scholar
Fehr, W. R., Caviness, C. E., Burmood, D. T., and Pennington, J. S. 1971. Stage of development descriptions for soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill Crop Sci. 11: 929–931.Google Scholar
Heatherly, L. G. 1984. Irrigation management for soybean yield enhancement. in Shibles, R., ed. World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 980–987.Google Scholar
Jones, R. E. Jr., and Walker, R. H. 1993. Effects of interspecific interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on soybean, common cocklebur and sicklepod water uptake. Weed Sci. 41: 534–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kucera, J., Cermak, J., and Penka, M. 1977. Improved thermal method of continual recording the transpiration flow rate dynamics. Biol. Plant. 19: 413–420.Google Scholar
Monks, D. W. and Oliver, L. R. 1988. Interaction between soybean (Glycine max) cultivars and selected weeds. Weed Sci. 36: 770–774.Google Scholar
Mortensen, D. A. and Coble, H. D. 1989. The influence of soil water content on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 37: 76–83.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1983. Comparative water relations, photosynthesis, and growth of soybean (Glycine max) and seven associated weeds. Weed Sci. 31: 318–323.Google Scholar
Regnier, E. E. and Stoller, E. W. 1989. The effects of soybean (Glycine max) interference on the canopy architecture of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 37: 187–195.Google Scholar
Regnier, E. E., Stoller, E. W., and Nafziger, E. D. 1989. Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) root and shoot interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 37: 308–313.Google Scholar
Sakuratani, T. 1984. Improvement of the probe for measuring water flow rate in intact plants with the heat balance method. J. Agric. Meteorol. 40: 273–277.Google Scholar
Scott, H. D. 1984. Irrigation water management of soybeans. in Shibles, R., ed. World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 972–979.Google Scholar
Scott, H. D. and Geddes, R. D. 1979. Plant water stress of soybean (Glycine max) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum): a comparison under field conditions. Weed Sci. 27: 285–289.Google Scholar
Shurtleff, J. L. and Coble, H. D. 1985. The interaction of soybean (Glycine max) and five weed species in the greenhouse. Weed Sci. 33: 669–672.Google Scholar
Steinberg, S. L., van Bavel, C.H.M., and McFarland, M. J. 1990. Improved sap flow gauge for woody and herbaceous plants. Agron. J. 82: 851–854.Google Scholar
Thurlow, D. L. and Buchanan, G. A. 1972. Competition of sicklepod with soybeans. Weed Sci. 20: 379–384.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Kropff, M. J., and Growneveld, R.M.W. 1992. Use of ecophysiological models for crop-weed interference: the critical period of weed interference. Weed Sci. 40: 302–307.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed-crop Competition. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, 195 p.Google Scholar