Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T03:30:43.201Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sodium Alginate for Production and Formulation of Mycoherbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

H. Lynn Walker  and
William J. Connick Jr.
H. Lynn Walker
Affiliation:
South. Weed Sci. Lab., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Stoneville, MS 38776
William J. Connick Jr.
Affiliation:
South. Regional Res. Center, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., New Orleans, La 70179
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sodium alginate was used to prepare pelletized formulations for each of five fungi. Aqueous mixtures of 1.0% (w/v) sodium alginate and homogenized mycelia of Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan, Alternaria macrospora Zimm., Fusarium lateritium Nees ex Fr., Colletotrichum malvarum (A. Braun & Casp.) Southworth, or a Phyllosticta sp. were pelletized by dropwise additions of each mycelial-alginate mixture into 0.25 M CaCl2. Abundant conidia were produced on the pellets 24 to 48 h after the pellets were spread into trays and exposed 10 min/12 h to 275-W sunlamps. These conidia germinated readily (90 to 100%) and readily infected the respective host plants. Each liter of mycelium plus growth medium from submerged liquid cultures produced 4 L of the mycelial-alginate mixture. Each liter of the mycelial-alginate mixture produced approximately 18 g of air-dried formulation. When 10% (w/v) clay was incorporated into the pellets, each liter of the mycelial-alginate mixture produced approximately 118 g of air-dried formulation. The pelletized fungi sporulated readily following storage at 4 or 25 C for 6 to 8 months. This method of pelletization is potentially useful for the formulation of inoculum of fungi used as mycoherbicides, for the mass production of pycnidium-forming fungi, and for the production of inoculum for host-plant resistance studies.

Keywords

Inoculum productionbiological weed controlfungibiological herbicidecontrolled release
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , May 1983 , pp. 333 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barrett, P.R.F. 1978. Some studies on the use of alginates for the placement and controlled release of diquat on submerged aquatic plants. Pestic. Sci. 9:425–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Boyette, C. D. and Templeton, G. E. 1981. Evaluation of a Fusarium solani strain for biological control of Texas gourd. Phytopathology 71:862. (Abstr.).Google Scholar
3. Charudattan, R. and Walker, H. L., eds. 1982. Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 293.Google Scholar
4. Connick, W. J. Jr. 1979. Encapsulation of herbicides in alginate gels for aquatic weed control. Book of abstracts. Sixth Int. Symp. Controlled Release of Bioactive Material. Sect. III, pp. 1–3, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
5. Connick, W. J. Jr. 1982. Controlled release of the herbicides 2,4-D and dichlobenil from alginate gels. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 27:3341–3348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Connick, W. J. Jr., Bradow, J. M., Wells, W., Steward, K. K., and Van, T. K. 1982. Release of dichlobenil from clay-filled alginate and carboxymethylcellulose gel granules. Book of abstracts. Ninth Int. Symp. Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, pp. 46–48, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.Google Scholar
7. Daniel, J. T., Templeton, G. E., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Fox, W. T. 1973. Biological control of northern jointvetch in rice with an endemic fungal disease. Weed Sci. 21:303–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Freeman, T. E., Charudattan, R., and Conway, K. E. 1976. Status of the use of plant pathogens in the biological control of weeds. Pages 201–206 in Freeman, T. E., ed. Proc. IV Int. Symp. Biol. Control of Weeds. Univ. Fla., Gainesville.Google Scholar
9. Goodwin, J. T. and Somerville, G. R. 1974. Microencapsulation by physical methods. Chem. Technol. 4:623–626.Google Scholar
10. Templeton, G. E. 1974. Endemic fungus disease for control of prickly sida in cotton and soybeans. Ark. Farm Res. 23:12.Google Scholar
11. Templeton, G. E., and Smith, R. J. Jr. 1977. Managing weeds with pathogens. Pages 167–176 in Horsfall, J. G. and Cowling, E. B., eds. Plant Disease: An Advanced Treatise. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
12. Templeton, G. E., TeBeest, D. O., and Smith, R. J. Jr. 1976. Development of an endemic fungal pathogen as a mycoherbicide for biocontrol of northern jointvetch in rice. Pages 214–220 in Freeman, T. E., ed. Proc. IV. Int. Symp. Biol. Control of Weeds. Univ. Fla., Gainesville.Google Scholar
13. Templeton, G. E., TeBeest, D. O., and Smith, R. J. Jr. 1979. Biological weed control with mycoherbicides. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 17:301–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Templeton, G. E., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Klomparens, W. 1980. Commercialization of fungi and bacteria for biological control. Biocontrol News Inf. 1:291–294.Google Scholar
15. Walker, H. L. 1981. Granular formulation of Alternaria macrospora for control of spurred anoda (Anoda cristata). Weed Sci. 29:342–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Walker, H. L. and Riley, J. A. 1982. Evaluation of Alternaria cassiae for the biocontrol of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 30:651–654.Google Scholar
17. Walker, H. L. 1981. Fusarium lateritium: A pathogen of spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), prickly sida (Sida spinosa), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 29:629–631.Google Scholar
18. Walker, H. L. and Sciumbato, G. L. 1979. Evaluation of Alternaria macrospora as a potential biocontrol agent for spurred anoda (Anoda cristata): Host range studies. Weed Sci. 27:612–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar