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Simulation of Spring-Seeded Smother Plants for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert L. De Haan ,
Donald L. Wyse ,
Nancy J. Ehlke ,
Bruce D. Maxwell  and
Daniel H. Putnam
Robert L. De Haan
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Donald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Nancy J. Ehlke
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Bruce D. Maxwell
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Daniel H. Putnam
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a short-term spring-seeded smother plant on corn development and weed control. Yellow mustard was managed to provide interference durations of 2,4,6, or 8 wk, and maximum height of 10 or 20 cm. Three yellow mustard planting patterns and eight seeding rates were evaluated during 1989 and 1990 at St. Paul and Rosemount, MN. Yellow mustard seeded at 2120 seeds m−2 with an interference duration of 4 wk and a maximum height of 10 cm decreased corn yield 17% and reduced weed dry weight 4 wk after yellow mustard emergence an average of 66%. Yellow mustard with a 2-wk interference duration did not reduce weed dry weight. Yellow mustard seeded at 2120 seeds m−2 with a 6- or 8-wk life cycle and 10-cm height reduced weed dry weight at the end of the interference period an average of 82% but delayed corn silk emergence an average of 5.3 d and reduced average grain yield 19%. Increasing yellow mustard height from 10 to 20 cm delayed corn silk emergence and reduced grain yield but did not decrease weed dry weight. Yellow mustard with an interference duration of 4 wk and a maximum height of 10 cm, seeded over the corn row at 530 seeds m−2, reduced weed dry weight 4 wk after mustard emergence an average of 51%, and resulted in an average corn grain yield reduction of 4%, compared with corn grown in monoculture averaged over weedy and weed-free treatments. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop spring-seeded smother plants that reduce weed biomass up to 80% but have only a small impact on corn yield.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L. ‘Funks G 4256 and 4234’Yellow mustard, Brassica hirta Moench ‘Kirby’Competitioncover cropsdensitiesliving mulchinterference
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 35 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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