Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T11:40:30.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed germination ecology of Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) in relations to various environmental parameters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2021

Gulshan Mahajan Open the ORCID record for Gulshan Mahajan [Opens in a new window] ,
Ashneel Prasad  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Gulshan Mahajan*
Affiliation:
Research Fellow, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia; Principal Agronomist, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
Ashneel Prasad
Affiliation:
Assistant Instructor (Agronomy), Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry, Fiji National University, Fiji
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia; Adjunct Professor, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana125004, India
*
Author for correspondence: Gulshan Mahajan, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker] is an emerging weed in the Australian cropping region. Populations resistant to glyphosate have evolved in Australia, creating the demand for information regarding the seed germination ecology of glyphosate-resistant (R) and glyphosate-susceptible (S) populations of C. sumatrensis. A study was conducted to examine the effects of temperature, light intensity, salt stress, osmotic stress, and burial depth on the germination and emergence of two populations (R and S) of C. sumatrensis. Both populations were able to germinate over a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures (15/5 to 35/25 C). In light/dark conditions, the R population had higher germination than the S population at 20/10 and 35/25 C. In the dark, the R population had higher germination than the S population at 25/15 C. In the dark, germination was inhibited at 30/20 C and above. Averaged over populations, seed germination of C. sumatrensis was reduced by 97% at zero light intensity (completely dark conditions) compared with full light intensity. Seed germination of C. sumatrensis was reduced by 17% and 85% at osmotic potentials of −0.4, and −0.8 MPa, respectively, compared with the control treatment. The R population had lower germination (57%) than the S population (72%) at a sodium chloride concentration of 80 mM. Seed germination was highest on the soil surface and emergence was reduced by 87% and 90% at burial depths of 0.5 and 1.0 cm, respectively. Knowledge gained from this study suggests that a shallow-tillage operation to bury weed seeds in conventional tillage systems and retention of high residue cover on the soil surface in zero-till systems may inhibit the germination of C. sumatrensis. This study also warrants that the R population may have a greater risk of invasion over a greater part of a year due to germination over a broader temperature range.

Keywords

Burial depthemergencelightsalt stressseedshadetemperaturewater stress
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 6 , November 2021 , pp. 687 - 694
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Nathan S. Boyd, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

*

This article has been updated since its original publication. See https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.63.

References

Abrol, I, Yadav, JSP, Massoud, F (1988) Salt-affected Soils and Their Management. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Soils Bulletin 39. Rome: FAO. 131 pGoogle Scholar
Acharya, C, Hati, M, Bandyopadhyay, KK (2005) Mulches. Pages 521–532 in Tate RL III. The Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Volume 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00250-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, S, Khan, FD, Ullah, R, Shah, RU, Alamri, S, AlHarthi, M, Siddiqui, MH (2020) Seed germination ecology of Conyza stricta Willd. and implications for management. PLoS ONE 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0244059Google Scholar
Andersen, MC (1993) Diaspore morphology and seed dispersal in several wind-dispersed Asteraceae. Am J Bot 80:487–492 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb13830.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[AVH] Australasian Virtual Herbarium (2010) Home page. https://avh.chah.org.au. Accessed: August 18, 2020Google Scholar
[ABM] Australian Bureau of Meteorology (2020). Home page. http://www.bom.gov.au. Accessed: December 15, 2020Google Scholar
Ballaré, C L, Scopel, AL, Sanchez, RA, Radosevich, SR (1992) Photomorphogenic processes in the agricultural environment. Photochem Photobiol 56:777–788 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02234.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R, Sánchez, RA, Forcella, F, Kruk, BC, Ghersa, CM (2000). Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed soil banks. Field Crops Res. 67:105–122 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00087-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S, Macchia, M (1995) Hypoxia effect on buried weed seed germination. Weed Res 35:343–351 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01629.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, JD, Bradford, KJ, Hilhorst, HW, Nonogaki, H (2013) Germination. Pages 133–181 in Bewley JD, Bradford KJ, Hilhorst HW, Nonogaki H, eds. Seeds. New York: Springer10.1007/978-1-4614-4693-4_4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blevins, RL, Frye, WW (1993) Conservation tillage: an ecological approach to soil management. Adv Agron 51:34–73 Google Scholar
Bond, JJ, Willis, WO (1969) Soil water evaporation: surface residue rate and placement effects. Soil Sci Soc Am J 33:445–448 10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300030031xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busi, R, Powles, SB, Beckie, HJ, Renton, M (2020). Rotations and mixtures of soil-applied herbicides delay resistance. Pest Manag Sci 76:487–496 10.1002/ps.5534CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chauhan, BS (2019) Tall Fleabane: An Emerging Threat in Grain and Cotton Cropping Systems. GRDC. https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2019/08/tall-fleabane-an-emerging-threat-in-grain-and-cotton-cropping-systems. Accessed: April 9, 2021Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Gill, G, Preston, C (2006) Influence of tillage systems on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank. Weed Sci 54:669–676 10.1614/WS-05-184R.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diez de Ulzurrun, P, Acedo, MB, Garavano, ME, Gianelli, V, Ispizua, VN (2020) Analysis of the agronomic interest characteristics for the management of Conyza blakei, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza sumatrensis, and Conyza lorentzii . Agrociencia Uruguay 24:1–14 Google Scholar
Everett, J (1990) Asteraceae/Conyza. Page 301 in Harden GJ, ed. Flora of New South Wales. Kensington: NSW University PressGoogle Scholar
Farooq, M, Imran, A, Alam, S, Naseem, S, Riaz, S, Shaukat, SF (2015) Friction and wear assessment of yttria stabilised zirconia thermal barrier coatings produced by plasma spraying method. J Fac Engin Technol 22:1–7 Google Scholar
Fleet, B, Gill, G (2012) Seed dormancy and seedling recruitment in smooth barley (Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum) populations in southern Australia. Weed Sci 60:394–400 10.1614/WS-D-11-00203.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghersa, CM, Martinez-Ghersa, MA, Satorre, EH, Van Esso, ML, Chichotky, G (1993) Seed dispersal, distribution and recruitment of seedlings of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers Weed Res 33:79–88 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01920.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghorbani, R, Seel, W, Leifert, C (1999) Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus . Weed Sci 47:505–510 10.1017/S0043174500092183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorski, T (1975) Germination of seeds in the shadow of plants. Physiol Plant 34:342–346 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03850.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, TD (2010) The Ecology of Fleabane (Conyza spp.). Ph.D thesis. Armidale, NSW, Australia: University of New England. 173 pGoogle Scholar
Hao, J, Qiang, S, Liu, Q, Cao, F (2009) Reproductive traits associated with invasiveness in Conyza sumatrensis . J Syst Evol 47:245–254 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00019.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, I (1979) Secondary succession of herbaceous communities in Japan: seed germination and shade tolerance of seedlings of the dominants. Bull Yokohama Phytosociological Soc 16:407–419 Google Scholar
Heap, I (2021) The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database. www.weedscience.org/Home.aspx. Accessed: April 5, 2021Google Scholar
Karlsson, LM, Milberg, P (2007) Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions. Weed Res 47:433–441 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebman, M, Gallandt, ER (1997) Many little hammers: ecological management of crop-weed interactions. Pages 291–343 in Jackson LE, ed. Ecology and Agriculture. San Diego, CA: Academic Press10.1016/B978-012378260-1/50010-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loura, D, Sahil, Florentine, S, Chauhan, BS (2020) Germination ecology of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) and its implications for weed management. Weed Sci 68:411–417 10.1017/wsc.2020.28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahajan, G, Chauhan, BS (2020) Weed biology–a required foundation for effective weed management. Weeds 2:30–34 Google Scholar
Mahajan, G, Matloob, A, Walsh, M, Chauhan, BS (2018) Germination ecology of two Australian populations of African turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii). Weed Sci 66:752–757 10.1017/wsc.2018.55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahajan, G, Poonia, V, Chauhan, BS (2014) Integrated weed management using planting pattern, cultivar, and herbicide in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northwest India. Weed Sci 62:350–359 10.1614/WS-D-13-00115.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, F, Albrecht, H, Pfadenhauer, J (1998) The transport of seeds by soil-working implements. Asp Appl Biol 51:83–89 Google Scholar
Michael, P (1977) Some weedy species of Amaranthus (amaranths) and Conyza/ Erigeron (fleabanes) naturalised in the Asian-Pacific region. Pages 87–95 in Proceedings of the 6th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. Jakarta, Indonesia: Asian-Pacific Weed Science SocietyGoogle Scholar
Michel, BE, Radcliffe, D (1995) A computer program relating solute potential to solution composition for five solutes. Agron J 87:126–130 10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700010022xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milberg, P, Andersson, L, Thompson, K (2000) Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed Sci Res 10:99–104 10.1017/S0960258500000118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutti, NK, Mahajan, G, Chauhan, BS (2019) Seed-germination ecology of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of Echinochloa colona in Australia . Crop Pasture Sci 70:367–372 10.1071/CP18444CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandula, VK, Eubank, TW, Poston, DH, Koger, CH, Reddy, KN (2006) Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci 54:898–902 10.1614/WS-06-006R2.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyborg, M, Malhi, SS (1989) Effect of zero and conventional tillage on barley yield and nitrate nitrogen content, moisture, and temperature of soil in north-central Alberta. Soil Till Res 15:1–9 10.1016/0167-1987(89)90059-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oryokot, J, Murphy, SD, Swanton, CJ (1997) Effect of tillage and corn on pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) seedling emergence and density. Weed Sci 45:120–126 10.1017/S0043174500092560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osuna, MD, De Prado, R (2003) Conyza albida: a new biotype with ALS inhibitor resistance. Weed Res 43:221–226 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00337.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rengasamy, P (2002) Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview. Aust J Exp Agric 42:351–361 10.1071/EA01111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rengasamy, P (2010) Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils. Func Plant Biol 37:613–620 10.1071/FP09249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roskov, Y, Abucay, L, Orrell, T, Nicolson, D, Flann, C, Bailly, N, Kirk, P, Bourgoin, T, DeWalt, RE, Decock, W, De Wever, A (2016) Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2016 Annual Checklist. www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2016. Accessed: April 18, 2020Google Scholar
Sardana, V, Mahajan, G, Jabran, K, Chauhan, BS (2017) Role of competition in managing weeds: an introduction to the special issue. Crop Prot 95:1–7 Google Scholar
Seo, M, Nambara, E, Choi, G, Yamaguchi, S (2009) Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Plant Mol Biol 69:463 10.1007/s11103-008-9429-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, B, Chanasyk, DS, McGill, WB (1998) Soil water regime under barley with longterm tillage-residue systems. Soil Till Res 45:59–74 10.1016/S0167-1987(97)00067-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S, Mahajan, G, Singh, R, Chauhan, BS (2021) Germination ecology of four African mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan.) populations in the eastern region of Australia. Weed Sci 69:461–467 10.1017/wsc.2021.30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smisek, A, Doucet, C, Jones, M, Weaver, SE (1998) Paraquat resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and Virginia pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum) from Essex Country, Ontario. Weed Sci 46:200–204 10.1017/S0043174500090421CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steckel, LE, Chism, CC, Hayes, RM (2006) Glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) control with glufosinate prior to planting no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol 20:1047–1051 10.1614/WT-05-183.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storrie, A (2020) Common Weeds of Grain Cropping. The Ute Guide. https://grdc.com.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0033/399741/UTE_Guide_Weeds19_210X148_v03_06small.pdf. Accessed: July 14, 2021Google Scholar
Tang, W, Xu, X, Shen, G, Chen, J (2015) Effect of environmental factors on germination and emergence of aryloxyphenoxy propanoate herbicide-resistant and-susceptible Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax). Weed Sci 63:669–675 10.1614/WS-D-14-00156.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thebaud, C, Abbott, RJ (1995) Characterization of invasive Conyza species (Asteraceae) in Europe: quantitative trait and isozyme analysis. Am J Bot 82:360–368 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12640.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal, RA, Kalsing, A, Goulart, IDR, Lamego, FP, Christoffoleti, PJ (2007) Impacto da temperatura, irradiância e profundidade das sementes na emergência e germinação de Conyza bonariensis e Conyza canadensis resistentes ao glyphosate. Planta Daninha 25:309–315 10.1590/S0100-83582007000200010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P (2007) Burning narrow windrows for weed seed destruction. Field Crops Res 104:24–30 Google Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Broster, JC, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Davis, AS, Tidemann, BD, Beckie, HJ, Lyon, DJ, Soni, N, Neve, P, Bagavathiannan, MV (2018) Opportunities and challenges for harvest weed seed control in global cropping systems. Pest Manag Sci 74:2235–2245 10.1002/ps.4802CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, H, Walker, S, Rollin, MJ, Tan, DKY, Robinson, G, Werth, J (2007) Germination, persistence, and emergence of flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis [L.] Cronquist). Weed Biol Manage 7:192–199 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00256.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamashita, OM, Guimarães, SC, Figueiredo e Albuquerque MC, de Carvalho MAC, Massaroto JA, Koga PS, Campos OR (2016) Germination of two species of Conyza seeds as a function of the presence or absence of light and interaction with the addition of nitrate and gibberellic acid in the substrate. Ambiência 12:655–666Google Scholar