Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tzmfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-28T19:34:33.180Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed germination ecology of southeastern Australian rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2021

Michael Thompson Open the ORCID record for Michael Thompson [Opens in a new window] ,
Gulshan Mahajan  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Michael Thompson*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Gulshan Mahajan
Affiliation:
Research Officer, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Michael Thompson, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, QLD, Australia. (Email: michael.thompson1@uq.edu.au)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Herbicide resistance is an increasing issue in many weed species, including rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin); a major weed of winter cropping systems in southern Australia. Recently, this weed has also been found in summer crops in the southeastern region of Australia. Effective control of this herbicide-resistant weed across southeastern Australia requires alternative management strategies. These strategies can be informed by analyses on the interaction of germinable seeds with their regional environments and by identifying the differences between populations of varying herbicide-resistance levels. In this study, we explore how various environmental factors differentially affect the seed germination and seedling emergence of three L. rigidum populations, including one glyphosate-resistant population (GR), one glyphosate-susceptible population (GS), and one population of unknown resistance status (CC04). Germination was greater than 90% for all populations at each temperature regime, except 15/5 C. Populations germinated at a lower rate under 15/5 C, ranging from 74% to 87% germination. Salt stress had a similar effect on the germination of all populations, with 0% germination occurring at 250 mM salt stress. Population GS had greater tolerance to osmotic stress, with 65% germination at −0.4 MPa compared with 47% and 43% germination for CC04 and GR, respectively; however, germination was inhibited at −0.8 and −1.6 MPa for all populations. All populations had lower germination when placed in complete darkness as opposed to alternating light/dark. Germination in darkness was lower for CC04 (69%) than GR (83%) and GS (83%). Seedling emergence declined with increasing burial depth with the lowest emergence occuring at 8 cm (37%) when averaged over the populations. These results indicate that L. rigidum can survive under a range of environmental variables and that the extent of survival differs based on population; however, there was no difference based on herbicide-resistance status.

Keywords

Burial depthemergenceherbicide resistanceosmotic potentialweeds
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , July 2021 , pp. 454 - 460
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Nathan S. Boyd, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

References

Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. Pp 13–16 Google Scholar
Baskin, JM, Baskin, CC, (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci Res 14:1–16 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S, Mazzoncini, M (2019) Soil physics involvement in the germination ecology of buried weed seeds. Plants 8:7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, JD (1997) Seed germination and dormancy. Plant Cell 9:1055–1066 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhatt, A, Gairola, S, Carón, MM, Santo, A, Murru, V, El-Keblawy, A, Mahmoud, T (2020) Effects of light, temperature, salinity, and maternal habitat on seed germination of Aeluropus lagopoides (Poaceae): an economically important halophyte of arid Arabian deserts. Botany 98:117–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busi, R, Porri, A, Gaines, TA, Powles, SB (2018) Pyroxasulfone resistance in Lolium rigidum is metabolism-based. Pestic Biochem Physiol 148:74–80 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chauhan, BS, Gill, G, Preston, C (2006a) Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Weed Sci 54:1004–1012 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Gill, G, Preston, C (2006b) Tillage system effects on weed ecology, herbicide activity and persistence: a review. Aust J Exp Agric 46:1557–1570 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2008) Germination ecology of goosegrass (Eleusine indica): an important grass weed of rainfed rice. Weed Sci 56:699–706 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Manalil, S, Florentine, S, Jha, P (2018) Germination ecology of Chloris truncata and its implication for weed management. PLoS ONE 13:e0199949 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dang, YP, Balzer, A, Crawford, M, Rincon-Florez, V, Liu, H, Melland, AR, Antille, D, Kodur, S, Bell, MJ, Whish, JPM (2018) Strategic tillage in conservation agricultural systems of north-eastern Australia: why, where, when and how? Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:1000–1015 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Debez, A, Belghith, I, Pich, A, Taamalli, W, Abdelly, C, Braun, HP (2018) High salinity impacts germination of the halophyte Cakile maritima but primes seeds for rapid germination upon stress release. Physiol Plant 164:134–144 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gramshaw, D (1976) Temperature/light interactions and the effect of seed source on germination of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seeds. Aust J Agric Res 27:779–786 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivushkin, K, Bartholomeus, H, Bregt, AK, Pulatov, A, Bui, EN, Wilford, J (2018) Soil salinity assessment through satellite thermography for different irrigated and rainfed crops. Int J Appl Earth Obs 68:230–237 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, MA, Gulzar, S (2003) Light, salinity, and temperature effects on the seed germination of perennial grasses. Am J Bot 90:131–134 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, XH, Jiang, DM, Li, XL, Zhou, QL, Xin, J (2011) Effects of salinity and desalination on seed germination of six annual weed species. J For Res 22:475 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahajan, G, Matloob, A, Walsh, M, Chauhan, BS (2018) Germination ecology of two Australian populations of African turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii). Weed Sci 66:752–757 Google Scholar
Michel, BE (1983) Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol 72:66–70 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mobli, A, Mollaee, M, Manalil, S, Chauhan, BS (2020) Germination ecology of Brachiaria eruciformis in Australia and its implications for weed management. Agronomy 10:30 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutti, NK, Mahajan, G, Chauhan, BS (2019) Seed-germination ecology of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of Echinochloa colona in Australia. Crop Pasture Sci 70:367–372 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandula, VK, Eubank, TW, Poston, DH, Koger, CH, Reddy, KN (2006) Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci 54:898–902 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neve, P, Sadler, J, Powles, SB (2004) Multiple herbicide resistance in a glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) population. Weed Sci 52:920–928 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, MJ, Walsh, MJ, Llewellyn, RS, Powles, SB (2007) Widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide resistance in Western Australian annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations. Aust J Agric Res 58:711–718 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peel, MC, Finlayson, BL, McMahon, TA (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 11:1633–1644 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powles, SB, Yu, Q (2010) Evolution in action: plants resistant to herbicides. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:317–347 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rahman, A, Asaduzzaman, M (2019) Statistical modelling of seed germination and seedlings root response of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) to different stress. Agric Res 8:262–269 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez, AH, Jhala, AJ, Singh, M (2012) Germination and emergence characteristics of common beggar’s-tick (Bidens alba). Weed Sci 60:374–378 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rengasamy, P (2002) Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview. Aust J Exp Agric 42:351–361 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saini, RK, Malone, J, Gill, G, Preston, C (2017) Inheritance of evolved clethodim resistance in Lolium rigidum populations from Australia. Pest Manag Sci 73:1604–1610 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shrestha, A, Desouza, LL, Yang, P, Sosnoskie, L, Hanson, BD (2018) Differential tolerance of glyphosate-susceptible and glyphosate-resistant biotypes of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) to environments during germination, growth, and intraspecific competition. Weed Sci 66:340–346 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steadman, KJ, Crawford, AD, Gallagher, RS (2003) Dormancy release in Lolium rigidum seeds is a function of thermal after-ripening time and seed water content. Funct Plant Biol 30:345–352 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamado, T, Schutz, W, Milberg, P (2002) Germination ecology of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus in eastern Ethiopia. Ann Appl Biol 140:263–270 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vila-Aiub, MM, Neve, P, Steadman, KJ, Powles, SB (2005) Ecological fitness of a multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum population: dynamics of seed germination and seedling emergence of resistant and susceptible phenotypes. J Appl Ecol 42:288–298 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB, Beard, BR, Parkin, BT, Porter, SA (2004) Multiple-herbicide resistance across four modes of action in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Weed Sci 52:8–13 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, SL, Florentine, SK, Chauhan, BS (2019) Influence of selected environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Dinebra panicea var. brachiata (Steud.). Crop Prot 117:121–127 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Q, Cairns, A, Powles, S (2007) Glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase multiple herbicide resistance evolved in a Lolium rigidum biotype. Planta 225:499–513 CrossRefGoogle Scholar