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Response of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) to Low Rates of Imazethapyr and Metolachlor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Katherine I. Ward  and
Susan E. Weaver
Katherine I. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9 Canada
Susan E. Weaver
Affiliation:
Agric. & Agri-Food Canada, Research Ctr., Harrow, ON NOR 1G0 Canada
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Abstract

Eastern black nightshade is a problem weed in soybeans primarily due to interference with harvesting operations and reductions in crop quality. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at Harrow, Ontario, to determine whether sublethal rates of imazethapyr and metolachlor could suppress growth and berry production by eastern black nightshade. In the greenhouse, plants treated with metolachlor PRE at 0.8 kg ai ha−1 or imazethapyr POST at 30 g ai ha−1 (1/3 to 1/2 the labelled rates) produced significantly fewer berries in the first flower cluster, with fewer seeds per berry, than untreated plants. When a surfactant was added to the imazethapyr, almost all flower buds in the first cluster were aborted. Treated plants recovered from the damage, however, and did not differ significantly from control plants in dry weight or berry production 110 DAP. In the field, application of 50 g ai ha−1 imazethapyr POST (2/3 of the lowest labelled rate), with or without a surfactant, resulted in delayed flowering, abortion of most of the flower buds in the first cluster, and greatly reduced growth and total berry production between soybean leaf abscision and harvest. Application of metolachlor + metribuzin PPI in the field at 2/3 of the labelled rate (1.6 + 0.25 kg ai ha−1) was not sufficient to reduce nightshade growth and berry production after soybean leaf abscision. Sublethal rates of imazethapyr and metolachlor did not reduce seed viability in either the greenhouse or the field.

Keywords

Imazethapyr, 2-[4,5,-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidmetolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamidemetribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-oneeastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. ♯ SOLPTsoybean. Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Elgin 87’ and ‘Premier.’Sublethal dosereduced rateweed seed viabilitySOLPT
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 897 - 902
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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