Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:30:21.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Management in an Organic Production System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Prashant Jha  and
Mayank Malik
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Prashant Jha
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Mayank Malik
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Agricultural Building, Clemson, SC 29634
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Research was initiated in March 2005 to test various integrated purple nutsedge management strategies over two growing seasons in an organic production system in which bell pepper was grown as a fall crop. Main plots consisted of integrated purple nutsedge management strategies from mid-March through July 2005 and 2006. The main-plot factors were (1) green polyethylene film, (2) clear polyethylene film, (3) turnip followed by (fb) green polyethylene film, (4) turnip fb clear polyethylene film, (5) tillage every 3 wk, and (6) fallow. Subplots consisted of hand-weeding, mulching with wheat straw, and no weeding following bell pepper transplanting in early August. Purple nutsedge tuber density was determined in March, August, and November each year. Viable tubers were categorized into three sizes: small (0.1 to 0.25 g), medium (0.26 to 0.50 g), and large (> 0.50 g). The initial tuber density averaged 500 small, 300 medium, and 110 large tubers m−2 in mid-March 2005 (910 total tubers m−2). Total tuber density increased to > 5,400 tubers m−2 in fallow, nonweeded plots by November 2006. Yearly tuber density remained relatively constant over the 2 yr when the fallow period was fb hand-weeding in the bell pepper crop. Density of large and medium tubers in the season-long management systems remained stable, whereas small tubers were prone to depletion over time. Frequent tillage or use of a polyethylene film with or without turnip resulted in a lower density of large tubers in November 2006 relative to fallow treatments, regardless of management intensity in bell pepper. The density of large tubers after 2 yr was similar among treatments involving frequent tillage or use of a polyethylene film with or without turnip, regardless of subplot treatment; this was also observed for medium tubers, but not for small tubers. All hand-weeded plots had comparable densities of small tubers, ranging from 25 to 194 viable tubers m−2. Intensive management involving frequent tillage or use of a translucent polyethylene film with or without turnip fb hand-weeding was not effective in eradicating purple nutsedge over two growing seasons. Purple nutsedge management costs calculated for each main-plot treatment revealed that use of a translucent polyethylene film alone was at least 4.5-fold more costly than frequent tillage. This research demonstrates that season-long management is essential to prevent purple nutsedge proliferation over time.

Keywords

Purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. CYPRObell pepper, Capsicum annum L. ‘Heritage’turnip, Brassica rapa L. ‘Seventop’Cover cropintegrated weed managementorganic vegetable productionpolyethylene mulchpopulation dynamicsturnip cover crop
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 606 - 613
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anderson, W. P. 1999. Perennial Weeds: Characteristics and Identification of Selected Herbaceous Species. 1st ed. Ames, Iowa Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Barberi, P. 2002. Weed management in organic agriculture: are we addressing the right issues. Weed Res. 42:177–193.Google Scholar
Benedixen, L. E. and Nandihalli, U. B. 1987. Worldwide distribution of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus). Weed Technol. 1:61–65.Google Scholar
Benedixen, L. B. and Stroube, E. W. 1977. Yellow and purple nutsedge: two weed species of worldwide significance. Weeds Today. Fall. 9–15.Google Scholar
Boydston, R. A. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9:669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, M. J. 1995. Glucosinolate containing plant tissues as bioherbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43:3070–3074.Google Scholar
Chase, C. A., Sinclair, T. R., and Locascio, S. J. 1999. Effects of soil temperature and tuber depth on Cyperus spp. control. Weed Sci. 47:467–472.Google Scholar
Chase, C. A., Sinclair, T. R., Shilling, D. G., Locascio, S. J., and Gilreath, J. P. 1998. Light effects on nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) rhizome to shoot development: implications for control by soil solarization. Weed Sci. 46:575–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, W. N. and Rathwell, P. J. 2002. Vegetable and melon enterprise budgets—South Carolina. http://cherokee.agecon.clemson.edu/fv_bud.htm. Accessed: November 1, 2007.Google Scholar
Fu, R. and Ashley, R. A. 2006. Interference of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) with bell pepper. Weed Sci. 54:364–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaze, N. C. 1987. Cultural and mechanical manipulation of Cyperus spp. Weed Technol. 1:82–83.Google Scholar
Hauser, E. W. 1962a. Establishment of nutsedge from space-planted tubers. Weeds. 10:209–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, E. W. 1962b. Development of purple nutsedge under field conditions. Weeds. 10:315–321.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI University Press of Hawaii. 8–24. 125–133.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. 1965. Data on the biology and chemical control of the nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Israel. PANS. 11:389–416.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M., Regev, Y., and Hertzlinger, G. 1983. Solarization for weed control. Weed Sci. 31:170–179.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. K. and Fennimore, S. A. 2006. Weed and crop response to colored plastic mulches in strawberry production. HortScience. 40:1371–1375.Google Scholar
Jordan-Molero, J. E. and Stoller, E. W. 1978. Seasonal development of yellow and purple nutsedges (Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus) in Illinois. Weed Sci. 26:614–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnan, G., Holshouser, D. L., and Nissen, S. J. 1998. Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with green manure crops. Weed Technol. 12:97–102.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr., Cudney, D. W., Ogbuchiekwe, E. J., Baameur, A., and Bell, C. E. 1997. Alternatives for purple and yellow nutsedge management. http://epa.gov/ozone/mbr/airc/1997/103mcgiffen.pdf. Accessed: September 12, 2007.Google Scholar
Miles, J. E., Kawabata, O., and Nishimoto, R. K. 2002. Modeling purple nutsedge sprouting under soil solarization. Weed Sci. 50:64–71.Google Scholar
Morales-Payan, J. P., Santos, B. M., Stall, W. M., and Bewick, T. A. 1997. Effects of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) vegetative growth and fruit yield. Weed Technol. 11:672–676.Google Scholar
Neeser, C., Aguero, R., and Swanton, C. J. 1997. Incident photosynthetically active radiation as a basis for integrated management of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Sci. 45:777–783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngouajio, M. and Ernest, J. 2005. Changes in the physical, optical, and thermal properties of mulches during double cropping. HortScience. 40:94–97.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Malik, M. S., Jha, P., and Oliveira, M. J. 2006. Effect of isothiocyanates on purple (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Weed Biol. Manag. 6:131–138.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Malik, M. S., Jha, P., and Riley, M. B. 2007. Suppression of Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus palmeri using autumn-sown glucosinolate producing cover crops in organically grown bell pepper. Weed Res. 47:425–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Meehan, J. T. IV. 2005a. Use of isothiocyanates for suppression of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci. 53:884–890.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Meehan, J. T. IV. 2005b. Wild radish–amended soil effects on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference with tomato and bell pepper. Weed Sci. 53:77–83.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1997. Factors affecting the suppression of nutsedge by translucent plastic film mulch. http://www.mbao.org/1997airc/018patterson.pdf. Accessed: September 12, 2006.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1998. Suppression of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) with polyethylene film mulch. Weed Technol. 12:275–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, J. S. 1968. Studies of the development of tubers in nutgrass and their starch content at different depths of soil. Madras Agric. J. 55:18–23.Google Scholar
Santos, B. M., Morales-Payan, J. P., Stall, W. M., and Bewick, T. A. 1997. Influence of tuber size and shoot removal on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) regrowth. Weed Sci. 45:681–683.Google Scholar
Siriwardana, G. and Nishimoto, R. K. 1987. Propagules of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in soil. Weed Technol. 1:217–220.Google Scholar
Smith, E. V. and Mayton, E. L. 1938. Nutgrass eradication studies: II. The eradication of nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L., by certain tillage treatments. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 30:18–22.Google Scholar
Smith, E. V. and Mayton, E. L. 1942. Nutgrass eradication studies: III. The control of nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L., on several soil types by tillage. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:151–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R. W., Lanini, T., Mitchell, J., Koike, S. T., and Fouche, C. 2007. Weed management for organic crops. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/7250.pdf. Accessed: March 15, 2007.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Sweet, R. D. 1987. Biology and life cycle of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus). Weed Technol. 1:66–73.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Weber, E. J. 1975. Differential cold tolerance, starch, sugar, protein, and lipid of yellow and purple nutsedge tubers. Weed Sci. 20:93–97.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. F. and Boydston, R. A. 1997. Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures. J. Chem. Ecol. 23:2107–2116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2002. Weed survey—southern states: vegetable, fruit and nut crops subsection. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 55:237–258.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. High temperature and duration of exposure reduce nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) tuber viability. Weed Sci. 2003a. 510:1010–1015.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2003b. Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) eradication: impossible dream. http://rngr.net/Publications/proceedings/2002/webster.pdf/view. Accessed October 15, 2006.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2005. Patch expansion of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with or without polyethylene mulch. Weed Sci. 53:839–845.Google Scholar
William, R. D. 1976. Purple nutsedge: tropical scourge. HortScience. 11:357–364.Google Scholar
William, R. D. and Benedixen, L. E. 1987. Year-round management of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): an extension worker's summery. Weed Technol. 1:99–100.Google Scholar