Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:51:05.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Postemergence Grass Control Herbicides Applied to the Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Greg R. Gillespie
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
John D. Nalewaja
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of seven herbicides after soil application was determined in the field and greenhouse. Clopropoxydim {(E,E)-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy] imino] butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, the methyl ester of haloxyfop {2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.21 kg/ha, and the methyl ester of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}applied to soil at 1.12 kg/ha were phytotoxic to oats (Avena sativa L. ‘Moore’) in the field and greenhouse. These rates are equivalent to postemergence use rates of these herbicides. DPX-Y6202 {2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} and the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} applied to soil at 0.84 kg/ha or greater were phytotoxic to oats. The ethyl ester of fenoxaprop {(±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} soil applied exhibited very limited phytotoxicity to oats. Oat stands were reduced when oats were seeded into soil treated with clopropoxydim, sethoxydim, haloxyfop, diclofop, DPX-Y6202, fluazifop, and fenoxaprop, with the amount of stand reduction decreasing from clopropoxydim to fenoxaprop. Oat fresh weight reductions were greatest with all herbicides when the herbicides were in contact with all underground parts (shoots, seeds, and roots). Oat fresh weight reductions were greater when either the shoot or seed of the germinating oat plants were exposed to the herbicides compared to root exposure. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. ‘Siberian’) was more susceptible to injury than oats or wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Len’) when seeded into soil treated with any one of the seven postemergence grass control herbicides.

Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Andersen, R. N. 1982. Comparisons of four herbicides for postemergence grass control. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 37:8082.Google Scholar
2. Buhler, D. D. and Burnside, O. C. 1984. Herbicidal activity of fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and sethoxydim in soil. Weed Sci. 32:824831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Dekker, J. H., Meggitt, W. F., and Boldt, P. F. 1981. Soil herbicidal activity from HOE-29152 and diclofop applied postemergence. Weed Sci. 29:314316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Friesen, H. A., Banting, J. D., and Walker, D. R. 1962. The effect of placement and concentration of diallate on the selective control of wild oats in wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 42:91104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Gillespie, G. R. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1984. Wild oat control in sunflower. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. Res. Rep. 41.183.Google Scholar
6. Gray, R. A. and Weierich, A. J. 1969. Importance of root, shoot and seed exposure on the herbicidal activity of EPTC. Weed Sci. 17:223229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Harvey, R. G., Parker, W. B., and Fischer, H. L. 1984. Soybean herbicide studies. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. Res. Rep. 41:308315.Google Scholar
8. Miller, S. D. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1975. HOE-23408 for grass weed control in small grains. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 30:102.Google Scholar
9. Mulder, C.E.G. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1982. Soil effectiveness of diclofop-methyl. Proc. 4th National Weeds Conf. S. Africa 4:8388.Google Scholar
10. Mulder, C.E.G. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1978. Temperature effect of phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides. Weed Sci. 26:566570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Nalewaja, J. D. and Gillespie, G. R. 1984. Postemergence grass and broadleaf control in dry and soybean. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. Res. Rep. 41:186.Google Scholar
12. Nalewaja, J. D., Miller, S. D., and Dexter, A. G. 1983. Grass and broadleaf control herbicide mixtures. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:29.Google Scholar
13. Nishimoto, R. K., Appleby, A. P., and Furtick, W. R. 1969. Plant response to herbicide placement in soil. Weed Sci. 17:475478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Norris, R. F. and Lardelli, R. A. 1984. Activity of postemergence grass herbicides to the soil. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 37:226.Google Scholar
15. Prendville, G. N., Eshel, Y., Schreiber, M. M., and Warren, G. F. 1967. Site of uptake of soil-applied herbicides. Weed Res. 7: 316322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar