Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:57:00.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Population Level Temperature-Dependent Model of Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Flowering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David C. Bridges
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Georgia, Griffin, GA 302231797
James M. Chandler
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Georgia, Griffin, GA 302231797

Abstract

A population level, two-compartment, temperaturedependent model that predicts date of seedling johnsongrass flowering was formulated. The model consisted of a fourparameter poikilotherm rate equation to describe development rate as a function of temperature and a temperature-independent Weibull function to distribute flowering times for the population. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature, nitrogen availability, and water availability on development of seedling johnsongrass. Development was most sensitive to temperature while the effect of nitrogen concentration and water availability was minimum and inconsistent. The model was tested against three independent field data sets and provided accurate prediction of flowering dates for each data set.

Type
Special Topics
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anderson, R. C. 1974. Seasonality in terrestrial primary producers. Page 103 in Phenology and Seasonality Modeling, Leith, H., ed. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
2. Angus, J. F. and Moncur, M. W. 1977. Water stress and phenology in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1977:177181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Baxendale, F. P., Teetes, G. L., and Sharpe, P.J.H. 1984. Temperature-dependent model for sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) spring emergence. Environ. Entomol. 13:15661571.Google Scholar
4. Baxendale, F. P., Teetes, G. L., Sharpe, P.J.H., and Wu, H. 1984. Temperature-dependent model for development of nondiapausing sorghum midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Environ. Entomol. 13:15721576.Google Scholar
5. Beddows, A. R. 1968. Head emergence in forage grasses in relation to February-May temperatures and the predicting of early or late springs. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 23:8897.Google Scholar
6. Bridges, D. C. 1987. Techniques for modeling phenological development of weed populations. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
7. Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1987. Influence of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) density and period of competition on cotton yield. Weed Sci. 35:6367.Google Scholar
8. Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1988. Influence of cultivar height on competitiveness of cotton with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 36:616620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Burr, G. O., Hartt, C. E., Brodie, H. W., Tanimoto, T., Kortschak, H. P., Takahashi, D., Ashton, F. M., and Coleman, R. E. 1957. The Sugarcane Plant. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 8:275308.Google Scholar
10. Burt, G. W. and Wedderspoon, I. M. 1971. Growth of johnsongrass selections under different temperatures and dark periods. Weed Sci. 19:419423.Google Scholar
11. Caldwell, M.L.H. 1969. Erythronium: Comparative phenology of alpine and deciduous forest species in relation to environment. The Am. Midl. Nat. 82:543559.Google Scholar
12. Dugas, W. A. Jr. 1980. Climatic modeling of phenology, growth, and production on summer rangelands in Utah and Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation, Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah. Google Scholar
13. Elmore, C. D. 1984. Weed Survey — Southern States in Res. Rep. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 37:193196.Google Scholar
14. Gagne, J. A., Wagner, T. L., Sharpe, P.J.H., Coulson, R. N., and Fargo, W. S. 1982. Reemergence of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) at constant temperatures. Environ. Entomol. 11:12161222.Google Scholar
15. Horowitz, M. 1972. Early development of johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 20:271273.Google Scholar
16. Horowitz, M. 1972. Seasonal development of established johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 20:392395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Ingle, M. and Rogers, B. J. 1961. The growth of a midwestern strain of Sorghum halepense under controlled conditions. Am. J. Bot. 48:392396.Google Scholar
18. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1979. Influence of planting date on the growth of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from seed. Weed Sci. 27:554558.Google Scholar
19. Lindsey, A. A. and Newman, J. E. 1956. Use of official weather data in spring time-temperature analysis of an Indiana phenological record. Ecology 37:812823.Google Scholar
20. McWhorter, C. G. 1971. Growth and development of johnsongrass ecotypes. Weed Sci. 19:141147.Google Scholar
21. McWhorter, C. G. and Jordan, T. N. 1976. The effect of light and temperature on the growth and development of johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 24:8891.Google Scholar
22. Oyer, E. B., Gries, G. A., and Rogers, B. J. 1959. The seasonal development of johnsongrass plants. Weeds 7:1319.Google Scholar
23. Palmer, W. A., Bay, D. E., and Sharpe, P.J.H. 1981. Influence of temperature on the development and survival of the immature stages of horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Prot. Ecol. 3:299309.Google Scholar
24. Pickett, S.T.A. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1976. Divergence of two cooccurring successional annuals on a soil moisture gradient. Ecology 57:169176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Potvin, M. A. and Werner, P. A. 1984. Seasonal patterns in water relations of two species of goldenrods (Solidago) grown on an experimental soil moisture gradient. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 3:171178.Google Scholar
26. Sauer, R. H. 1976. The relationship of cumulative sums and moving averages of temperatures to reproductive phenology in Clarkia . The Am. Midl. Nat. 95:144158.Google Scholar
27. Sauer, R. H. and Uresk, D. W. 1976. Phenology of steppe plants in wet and dry years. Northwest Sci. 50:133139.Google Scholar
28. Teetes, G. L. 1985. Insect resistant sorghums in pest management. Insect Sci. Appl. 6(3):443451.Google Scholar
29. Wagner, T. L., Wu, H., Sharpe, P.J.H., and Coulson, R. N. 1984. Modeling distributions of insect development time: A literature review and application of the Weibull function. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 77:475487.Google Scholar
30. Wagner, T. L., Wu, H., Sharpe, P.J.H., Schoolfield, R. M., and Coulson, R. N. 1984. Modeling insect development rates: A literature review and application of a biophysical model. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 77:208225.Google Scholar
31. White, L. M. 1979. Relationship between meteorological measurements and flowering of index species to flowering of 53 plant species. Agric. Meteorol. 20:189204.Google Scholar
32. Williams, C. S. and Hayes, R. M. 1987. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) competition in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:498501.Google Scholar
33. Williams, R. D., Ahuja, L. R., and Huckleberry, R. R. 1984. Growth of yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple (Cyperus rotundus) nutsedges along a moisture gradient. Abstr. Weed Sci. 278. Page 111.Google Scholar