Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:33:53.444Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenology of Five Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations Grown in Northern Indiana and Arkansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2018

Douglas J. Spaunhorst ,
Pratap Devkota ,
William G. Johnson ,
Reid J. Smeda ,
Christopher J. Meyer  and
Jason K. Norsworthy
Douglas J. Spaunhorst*
Affiliation:
Research Agronomist, USDA-ARS, SRU, Houma, LA, USA
Pratap Devkota
Affiliation:
Weed Science Advisor (Imperial and Riverside Counties), University of California Cooperative Extension, Holtville, CA, USA
William G. Johnson
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Reid J. Smeda
Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Christopher J. Meyer
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Research Agronomist, USDA-ARS, SRU, 5883 USDA Road, Houma, LA 70360. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a problematic weed encountered in U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production, with infestations spreading northward. This research investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid-, and late season) and population (AR, IN, MO, MS, NE, and TN) on A. palmeri growth and reproduction at two locations. All populations planted early or midseason at Throckmorton Purdue Agricultural Center (TPAC) and Arkansas Agriculture Research and Extension Center (AAREC) measured 196 and 141 cm or more, respectively. Amaranthus palmeri height did not exceed 168 and 134 cm when planted late season at TPAC and AAREC, respectively. Early season planted A. palmeri from NE grew to 50% of maximum height 8 to 13 d earlier than all other populations under TPAC conditions. In addition, the NE population planted early, mid-, and late season achieved 50% inflorescence emergence 5, 4, and 6 d earlier than all other populations, respectively. All populations established at TPAC produced fewer than 100,000 seeds plant−1. No population planted at TPAC and AAREC produced more than 740 and 1,520 g plant−1 of biomass at 17 and 19 wk after planting, respectively. Planting date influenced the distribution of male and female plants at TPAC, but not at AAREC. Amaranthus palmeri from IN and MS planted late season had male-to-female plant ratios of 1.3:1 and 1.7:1, respectively. Amaranthus palmeri introduced to TPAC from NE can produce up to 7,500 seeds plant−1 if emergence occurs in mid-July. An NE A. palmeri population exhibited biological characteristics allowing it to be highly competitive if introduced to TPAC due to a similar latitudinal range, but was least competitive when introduced to AAREC. Although A. palmeri originating from different locations can vary biologically, plants exhibited environmental plasticity and could complete their life cycle and contribute to spreading populations.

Keywords

J. Anita Dille, Kansas State UniversityGenetic and environmental variationgeographic rangepigweedsseed productionweed biology
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 4 , July 2018 , pp. 457 - 469
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archontoulis, SV, Miguez, FE (2015) Nonlinear regression models and applications in agriculture research. Agron J 107:786–798 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, MS, Tranel, PJ (2010) Time requirement from pollination to seed maturity in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). Weed Sci 58:167–173 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bensch, CN, Horak, MJ, Peterson, D (2003) Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis) in soybean. Weed Sci 51:37–43 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, JA, Oliver, LR (2006) Comparative growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) accessions. Weed Sci 54:121–126 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosofske, KD, Chen, J, Crow, TP (2001) Understory vegetation and site factors: implications for a managed Wisconsin landscape. For Ecol Manag 146:75–87 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryson, CT, DeFelice, MS, eds (2009) Weeds of the South. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 468 pGoogle Scholar
Cidecydan, MA, Malloch, AJC (1982) Effects of seed size on the germination, growth and competitive ability of Rumex crispus and Rumex obtusifolius . J Ecol 70:227–232 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costea, M, Weaver, SE, Tardif, FJ (2005) The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 3. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea & Tardif. Can J Plant Sci 85:507–522 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, AS, Schutte, BJ, Hager, AG, Young, BG (2015) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) damage niche in Illinois soybean is seed limited. Weed Sci 63:658–668 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, JA, Webb, EB, PierceII, RA II, RA, Bradley, KW (2017) Evaluating the potential for weed seed dispersal based on waterfowl consumption and seed viability. Pest Manage Sci 73:2592–2603 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilmore, EC Jr, Rogers, JS (1958) Heat units as a method of measuring maturity in corn. Agron J 50:611–615 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, WA, Shaw, DR, Kruger, GR, Johnson, WG, Weller, SC, Young, BG, Wilson, RG, Owen, MDK, Jordan, D (2009) Survey of tillage trends following the adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops. Weed Technol 23:150–155 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith, TM, Watson, MA (2006) Is evolution necessary for range expansion? Manipulating reproductive timing of a weedy annual transplanted beyond its range. Am Nat 167:153–164 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, P, Al-Khatib, K (2003) Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis). Weed Sci 51:869–875 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heneghan, JM, Johnson, WG (2017) The growth and development of five waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations in a common garden. Weed Sci 65:247–255 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horak, MJ, Loughlin, TM (2000) Growth analysis of four Amaranthus species. Weed Sci 48:347–355 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, JZ, Shrestha, A, Tollenaar, M, Deen, W, Rahimian, H, Swanton, CJ (2000) Effects of photoperiod on the phenological development of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Can J Plant Sci 80:929–938 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK (2009) Soybean canopy and tillage effects on emergence of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from a natural seed bank. Weed Sci 57:644–651 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK, Garcia, J (2014) Depletion of an artificial seed bank of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) over four years of burial. Am J Plant Sci 5:1599–1606 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeley, PE, Carter, CH, Thullen, RJ (1987) Influence of planting date on growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 35:199–204 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klingaman, TE, Oliver, LR (1994) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci 42:523–527 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, RH, Qiang, S (2009) Composition of floating weed species in lowland rice fields in China and the effects of irrigation frequency and previous crops. Weed Res 49:417–427 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loux, M (2017) Fight Palmer Amaranth from Spreading. https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/fight-palmer-amaranth-from-spreading/403300.html. Accessed: January 2, 2018Google Scholar
Massinga, RA, Currie, RS, Horak, MJ, Boyer, J Jr (2001) Interference of Palmer amaranth in corn. Weed Sci 49:202–208 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Griffith, G, Griffin, T, Bagavathiannan, M, Gbur, EE (2014) In-field movement of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and its impact on cotton lint yield: evidence supporting a zero-threshold strategy. Weed Sci 62:237–249 Google Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Smith, KL, Steckel, LE, Koger, CH (2009) Weed seed contamination of cotton gin trash. Weed Technol 23:574–580 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sauer, JD (1957) Recent migration and evolution of the dioecious amaranths. Evolution 11:11–31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, JL, Chatham, LA, Riggins, CW, Tranel, PJ, Bradley, KW (2015) Distribution of herbicide resistance and molecular mechanisms conferring resistance in Missouri waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) populations. Weed Sci 63:336–345 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Young, BG, Bradley, KW, Kruger, GR, Davis, VM, Steckel, LE, Walsh, MJ (2016) Tall waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed production and retention at soybean maturity. Weed Technol 30:284–290 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellers, BA, Smeda, RJ, Johnson, WG, Kendig, JA, Ellersieck, MR (2003) Comparative growth of six Amaranthus species in Missouri. Weed Sci 51:329–333 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprague, CL (2014) Palmer Amaranth: Managing This New Weed Problem. https://www.progressiveforage.com/forage-production/management/palmer-amaranth-managing-this-new-weed-problem. Accessed: January 2, 2018Google Scholar
Steckel, LE (2007) The dioecious Amaranthus spp.: here to stay. Weed Technol 21:567–570 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uva, RH, Neal, JC, DiTomaso, JM (1997) Weeds of the Northeast. New York: Cornell University Press. Pp 90–97 Google Scholar