Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T20:12:29.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Persistence of Dinitroaniline Herbicides in Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

G. L. Jacques
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
R. G. Harvey
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

Abstract

An oat (Avena sativa L. ‘Dal’) primary root bioassay procedure was used to study the persistence of eight dinitroaniline herbicides in soil. Sensitivity of the bioassay to the herbicides depended on the length of time roots were exposed to the herbicide treatments. Root inhibition increased with time of exposure. Herbicide persistence was studied under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions. The herbicides remained biologically active the longest under dry and cool soil conditions. At 5 C, little change in herbicide activity was observed over an 8-month period. Under greenhouse conditions, the herbicides in wet soil dissipated rapidly, as compared with those in dry soil. Soil samples taken from depths of 0 to 7.5 cm and from 7.5 to 15 cm in the field showed that the herbicides were retained primarily in the surface 7.5 cm. Small amounts were found from 7.5 to 15 cm only shortly after the herbicides were applied. Dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) was the only herbicide tested of which soil residues from spring field applications were not detected the following fall.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anderson, W. P., Richards, A. B., and Whitworth, J. W. 1968. Leaching of trifluralin, benefin, and nitralin in soil columns. Weed Sci. 16:165168.Google Scholar
2. Ashton, F. M. and Crafts, A. S. 1973. Dinitroanilines. Pages 221235 in Mode of Action of Herbicides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Google Scholar
3. Barretin, W. L. and Warren, G. F. 1971. Differential phytotoxicity of trifluralin and nitralin. Weed Sci. 19:3137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Eshel, Y. and Prendeville, G. N. 1967. A simplified method for determining phytotoxicity, leaching, and adsorption of herbicides in soils. Weeds. 15:115118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Harvey, R. G. 1973. Field comparison of twelve dinitroaniline herbicides. Weed Sci. 21:512516.Google Scholar
6. Hiltbold, A. E. 1974. Persistence of pesticides in soil. Pages 203222 in Guenzi, W. D., ed. Pesticides in Soil and Water. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Inc., Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
7. Jacques, G. L. 1976. Factors influencing the herbicidal activity of dinitroaniline herbicides. Diss. Abstr. 37:3192B.Google Scholar
8. Menges, R. M. and Hubbard, J. L. 1970. Phytotoxicity of bensulide and trifluralin in several soils. Weed Sci. 18:244247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Murray, D. S., Santelmann, P. W., and Greer, H. A. L. 1973. Differential phytotoxicity of several dinitroaniline herbicides. Agron. J. 65:3436.Google Scholar
10. Parker, C. 1966. The importance of shoot entry in the action of herbicides applied to the soil. Weeds. 14:117121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Parochetti, J. V. and Hein, E. R. 1973. Volatility and photodecomposition of trifluralin, benefin, and nitralin. Weed Sci. 21:469473.Google Scholar
12. Santelmann, P. W. 1971. Herbicide bioassay. Pages 91101 in Wilkinson, R. E., ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. South Weed Sci. Soc., Auburn Printing, Inc., Auburn, Alabama.Google Scholar
13. Savage, K. E. 1973. Nitralin and trifluralin persistence in soil. Weed Sci. 21:285288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Schweizer, E. E. and Holstun, J. T. Jr. 1966. Persistence of five cotton herbicides in four southern soils. Weeds 14:2226.Google Scholar
15. Weber, J. B. and Monaco, T. J. 1972. Review of the chemical and physical properties of the substituted dinitroaniline herbicides. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 25:3137.Google Scholar