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A Model of Competition for Light Between Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Broadleaf Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

James C. Barbour  and
David C. Bridges
James C. Barbour
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797
David C. Bridges
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797
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Abstract

A model of competition for light between peanut and three broadleaf weed species has been developed to run with the PNUTGRO model. The model simulates shading of the peanut canopy by reducing the total daily PAR received by the peanuts in a manner that realistically represents timing and quantity of light capture by the weeds. Data were collected in nursery plots of Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and wild poinsettia in 1989, 1990, and 1991. These data provided the values for the critical parameters: maximum attenuation of PAR by the weed, time when the weed overtops the peanut canopy, time when maximum attenuation is reached, and the distance of influence of the weed. Florida beggarweed overtopped the peanut canopy 52 DAP, and reduced PAR reaching the peanuts 45% by 73 DAP. Sicklepod overtopped the peanut canopy 42 DAP and reached an attenuation of 41% 79 DAP. Wild poinsettia overtopped the peanut canopy 44 DAP, and had an attenuation value of 39% 85 DAP. The distances of influence were 162, 150, and 192 cm for Florida beggarweed, sicklepod, and wild poinsettia, respectively. Observed yield losses in the distance of influence were 26, 27, and 22%, respectively. The model predictions accounted for at least 90% of the yield losses observed in field studies. The model also proved capable of simulating competitive differences between morphologically and phenologically different populations of Florida beggarweed. Simulation models will play an important role in reducing the expenditure of time and resources required to document yield losses due to weeds in peanuts.

Keywords

Florida beggarweed, Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.#3 DEDTOsicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L. # CASOB (now—Senna obtusifolia)wild poinsettia, Euphorbia heterophylla L. # EPHHLpeanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Florunner.’Interferencelightarea of influenceinterspecific competitionintraspecific competitionecotype
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , June 1995 , pp. 247 - 257
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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