Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T09:21:13.693Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mobility and Bioactivity of Thiobencarb

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Michael P. Braverman ,
Salvadore J. Locascio ,
Joan A. Dusky  and
Arthur G. Hornsby
Michael P. Braverman
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Salvadore J. Locascio
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Joan A. Dusky
Affiliation:
Vegetable Crops Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Arthur G. Hornsby
Affiliation:
Soils Dep., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the mobility and bioactivity of thiobencarb on a Pahokee muck, Everglades muck, and Immokalee sand. On all soils > 93% of thiobencarb remained in the upper 1 cm after leaching during unsaturated flow. During saturated flow the retardation factor (RT) of thiobencarb on an Immokalee sand was 68, 20, 2, and 1 with 0, 25, 50, and 75% by volume methanol in 0.01 N CaCl2, respectively. There was a significant log-linear relationship (r2 = 0.97) between the Freundlich adsorption values (Kf) estimated from RT values and the percentage by volume methanol of the leachate. In general, thiobencarb in combination with overhead irrigation reduced lettuce vigor and plant dry weight on an Immokalee sand more than with subsurface irrigation.

Keywords

Thiobencarb, S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethylcarbamothioatelettuce, Lactuca sativa L.Thiocarbamateleachingorganic soilssandy soils
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , November 1990 , pp. 607 - 614
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bailey, G. W., White, J. L., and Rothberg, T. 1968. Adsorption of organic herbicides by montmorillonite; role of pH and chemical character of adsorbate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32:222–234.Google Scholar
2. Braverman, M. P., Dusky, J. A., Locascio, S. J., and Hornsby, A. G. 1990. Sorption and degradation of thiobencarb in three Florida soils. Weed Sci. 38:583–588.Google Scholar
3. Dao, T. H., Marx, D. B., Lavy, T. L., and Dragun, J. 1982. Effect and statistical evaluation of soil sterilization on analine and diuron adsorption isotherms. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46:963–969.Google Scholar
4. Duah-Yentumi, S. and Kuwatsuka, S. 1980. Effect of organic matter and chemical fertilizers on the degradation of benthiocarb and MCPA herbicides in the soil. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 26:541–549.Google Scholar
5. Dusky, J. A. 1984. Leafy vegetables. Chapter IV. Pages 85–119 in Stall, W. M., ed. Vegetable Crops Weed Control Trials 1984. Univ. Fla. Veg. Crops Res. Rpt. VEC 84–2.Google Scholar
6. Ennis, W. B. Jr. 1954. Some soil and weather factors influencing usage of preemergence herbicides. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Fla. 14:130–139.Google Scholar
7. Gilreath, J. P. 1984. Chemical weed control in flowering gladiolus. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Sci. Soc. 97:297–299.Google Scholar
8. Harris, C. R. 1966. Influence of soil moisture on the toxicity of insecticides in a mineral soil to insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 57(6):946–950.Google Scholar
9. Helling, C. S. 1971. Pesticide mobility in soils. III. Influence of soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35:743–748.Google Scholar
10. Ichizen, N. 1976. Study on the herbicidal properties of benthiocarb. Factors affecting herbicidal activity and its behavior in soil. Bull. College of Agric. Utsunomiya Univ., Jpn. 9(3):109–125.Google Scholar
11. Ishikawa, K., Asano, Y., Nakamura, Y., and Akasaki, K. 1976. Behavior and disappearance of benthiocarb herbicide in water, soil and rice plants in paddy fields treated with its granular formulations. Weed Res. Jpn. 21(1):16–21.Google Scholar
12. Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. 1977. Saturn (Benthiocarb). Tokyo, Jpn. 101 pp.Google Scholar
13. Lambert, S. M. 1967. Functional relationship between sorption in soil and chemical structure. J. Agric. Food Chem. 15:572–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Lambert, S. M., Porter, P. E., and Schieferstein, R. H. 1965. Movement and sorption of chemicals applied to the soil. Weeds 13:185–190.Google Scholar
15. Lavy, T. L., Messersmith, C. G., and Knoche, H. W. 1972. Direct liquid scintillation radioassay of 14C-labeled herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 20:215–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Leopold, A. C., van Schaik, P., and Veal, M. 1960. Molecular structure and herbicide adsorption. Weeds 8:48–55.Google Scholar
17. Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pages 539–579 in Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2–Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Am., Madison, WI.Google Scholar
18. Nkedi-Kizza, P., Rao, P.S.C., and Hornsby, A. G. 1987. Influence of organic cosolvents on leaching of hydrophobic organic chemicals through soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:1107–1111.Google Scholar
19. Nkedi-Kizza, P., Rao, P.S.C., and Hornsby, A. G. 1985. Influence of organic cosolvents on sorption by hydrophobic organic chemicals by soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19:975–979.Google Scholar
20. Rao, M. V., Dubey, A. N., and Manna, G. B. 1976. Probability of existence of pre-emergence herbicide-moisture-variety interaction adverse to direct seeded rice on uplands. Indian J. Weed Sci. 8:22–31.Google Scholar
21. Rao, P.S.C. and Jessup, R. E. 1983. Sorption and movement of pesticides and other toxic substances in soils. Pages 183–201 in Nelson, D. W., Tanji, K. K., and Elrick, D. E., eds. Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems. Am. Soc. Agron. and Soil Sci. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 11.Google Scholar
22. Rao, P.S.C., Nkedi-Kizza, P., and Davidson, J. M. 1986. Abiotic processes affecting the transport of organic pollutants in soil. In Loehr, R. C. and Malina, J. F. Jr., eds. Land Treatment: A Hazardous Waste Management Alternative. Water Res. Symp. 13:63–72.Google Scholar
23. Splittstosser, W. E. and Derscheid, L. A. 1962. Effects of environment upon herbicides applied preemergence. Weeds 10:304–307.Google Scholar
24. Stickler, R. L., Knake, E. L., and Hinesly, T. D. 1969. Soil moisture and effectiveness of preemergence herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:257–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Upchurch, R. P. and Pierce, W. C. 1957. The leaching of monuron from Lakeland sand soil. I. The effect of amount intensity and frequency of simulated rainfall. Weeds 5:321–330.Google Scholar
26. Upchurch, R. P., Selman, F. L., Mason, D. D., and Kampranth, E. J. 1966. The correlation of herbicidal activity with soil and climatic factors. Weeds 14:42–49.Google Scholar
27. Genuchten, van, Th, M. 1981. Non-equilibrium transport parameters from miscible displacement experiments. Res. Rpt. No. 119. U.S. Dep. Agric., U.S. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA.Google Scholar