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Influence of Planting Date on Growth of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Paul E. Keeley ,
Charles H. Carter  and
Robert J. Thullen
Paul E. Keeley
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Shafter, CA 93263
Charles H. Carter
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Shafter, CA 93263
Robert J. Thullen
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Shafter, CA 93263
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Abstract

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPA) planted in a field at monthly intervals from March through October at Shafter, CA, began to emerge in March when soil temperatures at a depth of 5 cm reached 18 C. With the exception of March and April plantings, at least 50% of the seed of later plantings produced seedlings within 2 weeks after planting. Although growth of plants was initially slower for early plantings, plantings from March to July reached 2 m or greater in height by fall. Due to longer growing times, plantings from March to June eventually produced more dry matter and a greater number of inflorescences than later plantings. Plants began flowering 5 to 9 weeks after planting in March through June and 3 to 4 weeks after planting in July through October. Some viable seed was produced as early as 2 to 3 weeks after flowering began. Total seed production in the fall ranged from 200 000 to 600 000 seed/plant for the March through June plantings, and 115 to 80 000 seed/plant for the July through September plantings. Killing frosts in November prevented Palmer amaranth planted in October from producing seed.

Keywords

Seed productionfloweringemergenceAMAPA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , March 1987 , pp. 199 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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