Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-grxwn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T23:48:27.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of pH on the Phytotoxicity of Herbicides in Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

F. T. Corbin ,
R. P. Upchurch  and
F. L. Selman
F. T. Corbin
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University
R. P. Upchurch
Affiliation:
Agricultural Division, Monsanto Company, Saint Louis, Missouri and formerly North Carolina State University
F. L. Selman
Affiliation:
Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Vero Beach, Florida and formerly North Carolina State University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The influence of soil pH (4.3 to 7.5) on the phytotoxicity of herbicides incorporated into high organic soils was studied. Phytotoxicity increased as the soil pH increased and reached a maximum at pH 6.5 for the weak aromatic acids 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D) and the weak bases 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methoxy-s-triazine (prometone) and 3-amino-s-triazole (amitrole). Conversely, phytotoxicity increased as soil pH decreased and reached a maximum at pH 4.3 for the weak aliphatic acid 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon), the cationic herbicides 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat), and a nonionic herbicide S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate). Soil pH levels between 4.3 and 7.5 had no effect on the phytotoxicity of (a) the weak aromatic acids 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (chloramben) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram); and (b) the nonionic herbicides 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil (isocil), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin). A change of one pH unit decreased the phytotoxicity of 2,4-D, dicamba, dalapon, prometone, amitrole, paraquat, and vernolate by a factor of two to four depending on the particular herbicide and the pH values considered.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , May 1971 , pp. 233 - 239
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bourke, J. B. and Fang, S. C. 1965, Absorption, translocation, and residue content of n-propyl-1-C14-N,N-di-n-propylthiolcarbamate in legumes. J. Agr. Food Chem. 13:340–343.Google Scholar
2. Coggins, C. W. Jr. and Crafts, A. S. 1959. Substituted urea herbicides: Their electrophoretic behavior and the influence of clay colloid in nutrient solution on their phytotoxicity. Weeds 7:349–358.Google Scholar
3. Corbin, F. T. 1967. Influence of pH on the detoxication of herbicides in soil. Proc. So. Weed Sci. Soc. 20:394.Google Scholar
4. Corbin, F. T. and Upchurch, R. P. 1967. Influence of pH on detoxication of herbicides in soil. Weeds 15:370–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Dolman, J. D. and Buol, S. W. 1968. Organic soils on the lower coastal plain of North Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:414–418.Google Scholar
6. Foy, C. L. 1969. The chlorinated aliphatic acids, pp. 207–254. In Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D. (ed.) Degradation of Herbicides. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
7. Funderburk, H. H. Jr. 1969. Diquat and paraquat, pp. 283–298. In Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D. (ed.) Degradation of Herbicides. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
8. Kamprath, E. J. and Welch, C. D. 1962. Retention and cation-exchange properties of organic matter in Coastal Plain soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26:263–265.Google Scholar
9. Kaufman, D. D. 1967. Degradation of carbamate herbicides in soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15:582–591.Google Scholar
10. Kaufman, D. D., Plimmer, J. R., Kearney, P. C., Blake, J., and Guardia, F. S. 1968. Chemical versus microbial decomposition of amitrole in soil. Weed Sci. 16:266–272.Google Scholar
11. Knüsli, E., Berrer, D., Dupris, G., and Esser, H. 1969. s-Triazines, pp. 51–74. In Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D. (ed.) Degradation of Herbicides. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
12. Mortland, M. M. and Meggitt, W. F. 1966. Interaction of ethyl-N,N-di-n-propylthiolcarbamate (EPTC) with montmorillonite. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14:126–129.Google Scholar
13. Scott, D. C. and Weber, J. B. 1967. Herbicide phytotoxicity as influenced by adsorption. Soil Sci. 104:151–158.Google Scholar
14. Sheets, T. J., Crafts, A. S., and Drever, H. R. 1962. Influence of soil properties on the phytotoxicity of the s-triazine herbicides. J. Agr. Food Chem. 10:458–462.Google Scholar
15. Swanson, C. R. and Baur, J. R. 1969. Absorption and penetration of picloram in potato tuber discs. Weed Sci. 17:311–314.Google Scholar
16. Tucker, B. V., Pack, D. E., Ospenson, J. N., Omid, A., and Thomas, W. D. Jr. 1969. Paraquat soil bonding and plant response. Weed Sci. 17:448–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Upchurch, R. P. and Mason, D. D. 1962. The influence of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of herbicides. Weeds 10:9–14.Google Scholar
18. Upchurch, R. P., Selman, F. L., Mason, D. D., and Kamprath, E. J. 1966. The correlation of herbicidal activity with soil and climatic factors. Weeds 14:42–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Ward, T. M. and Getzen, F. W. 1970. Influence of pH on the adsorption of aromatic acids on activated carbon. Envir. Sci. Tech. 4:64–67.Google Scholar
20. Weber, J. B., Weed, S. B., and Ward, T. M. 1969. Adsorption of s-triazines by soil organic matter. Weed Sci. 17:417–421.Google Scholar