Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T19:18:34.372Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of leaf surface micromorphology, wax content, and surfactant on primisulfuron droplet spread on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Debanjan Sanyal ,
Prasanta C. Bhowmik  and
Krishna N. Reddy
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
Krishna N. Reddy
Affiliation:
Southern Weed Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the leaf surface, epicuticular wax content, and spread area of primisulfuron spray droplet with and without surfactant on leaf surface of barnyardgrass and green foxtail. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy and leaf wax was extracted and quantified. The spread of 1-μl droplets of distilled water, primisulfuron solution (without surfactant), primisulfuron solution with a nonionic low foam wetter/spreader adjuvant (0.25% v/v), and with an organosilicone wetting agent (0.1% v/v) was determined on the adaxial leaf surfaces of each of the weed species. Stomata and trichomes were present on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in both species. Green foxtail had more stomata per unit area on the adaxial as compared to the abaxial leaf surface. Barnyardgrass had more stomata on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface. There was no significant variation in the number of trichomes per unit leaf area of green foxtail, and the number of prickles per unit area of leaf was significantly higher in adaxial than the abaxial leaf surface, in both young and old leaves. In barnyardgrass, there were more trichomes on abaxial than adaxial leaf surface. The mean value of the wax content per unit of leaf area in barnyardgrass and green foxtail was 35.9 μg cm−2 and 19.1 μg cm−2, respectively. On both species primisulfuron with a nonionic surfactant had more spread area than that without a surfactant, and the spread was even greater with organosilicone wetting agent. The spread area of primisulfuron droplet was higher on the leaf surface of barnyardgrass than on green foxtail when surfactant was added.

Keywords

Primisulfuronbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) BeauvEpicuticular waxherbicide spreadleaf surface micromorphologyscanning electron microscopysurfactant
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 4 , August 2006 , pp. 627 - 633
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baker, E. A. 1982. Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes. Pages 139–166 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E. eds. The Plant Cuticle. London: Academic.Google Scholar
Bellinder, R. R., Arsenovic, M., Shah, D. A., and Rauch, B. J. 2003. Effect of weed growth stage and adjuvant on the efficacy of fomesafen and bentazon. Weed Sci 51:1016–1021.Google Scholar
Benzing, D. H. and Burt, K. M. 1970. Foliar permeability among twenty species of the Bromeliaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 97:269–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. 1995. Integrated techniques for controlling Elytrigia repens populations. Pages 611–618 in Proceedings of the 9th European Weed Research Society Symposium, Changes for Weed Science in a Changing Europe. Budapest, Hungary: Trybek.Google Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. 1999. Effects of primisulfuron on quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) populations in corn (Zea mays). Pages 466–471 in Proceedings of the 17th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. Bangkok, Thailand: APWSS.Google Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. and Reddy, K. N. 1988. Effects of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on growth, yield, and nutrient status of transplanted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Sci 36:775–778.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Stobbe, E. H., and Sturko, A. R. W. 1981. Effect of seeding dates and densities of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) on the growth and productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci 29:212–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boize, L., Gudin, C., and Purdue, C. 1976. The influence of leaf surface roughness on the spreading of oil spray drops. Ann. Appl. Biol 84:205–211.Google Scholar
Chachalis, D., Reddy, K. N., Elmore, C. D., and Steele, M. L. 2001. Herbicide efficacy, leaf structure, and spray droplet contact angle among Ipomoea species and small flower morningglory. Weed Sci 49:628–634.Google Scholar
CPR. 2005. Pages 2072–2077 in Crop Protection Reference. 18th edition. New York: C & P.Google Scholar
Douglas, B. J., Thomas, A. G., Morrison, I. N., and Maw, M. G. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Can. J. Plant Sci 65:669–690.Google Scholar
Eichert, T. and Burkhardt, J. 2001. Quantification of stomatal uptake of ionic solutes using a new model system. J. Exp. Bot 52:771–781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eichert, T., Goldbach, H. E., and Burkhardt, J. 1998. Evidence for the uptake of large anions through stomatal pores. Botanica Acta 111:461–466.Google Scholar
Ferreira, J. F. S. and Reddy, K. N. 2000. Absorption and translocation of glyphosate in Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense . Weed Sci 48:193–199.Google Scholar
Gates, F. C. 1941. Weeds in Kansas. Topeka, KS: Kansas State Printing Plant. 360 p.Google Scholar
Green, J. M. 2002. Weed specificity of alcohol ethoxylate surfactants applied with rimsulfuron. Weed Technol 16:79–83.Google Scholar
Gudin, C., Syratt, W. J., and Boize, L. 1976. The mechanisms of photosynthetic inhibition and the development of scorch in tomato plants treated with spray oils. Ann. Appl. Biol 84:213–219.Google Scholar
Harr, J., Guggenheim, R., Schulke, G., and Falk, R. H. 1991. The Leaf Surface of Major Weeds. Champaign, IL: Sandoz Agro.Google Scholar
Hess, F. D. 1985. Herbicide absorption and translocation and their relationship to plant tolerances and susceptibility. Pages 191–214 in Duke, S. O. ed. Weed Physiology. Volume II. Herbicide Physiology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
Hess, F. D., Bayer, D. E., and Falk, R. H. 1974. Herbicide dispersal patterns. 1. As a function of leaf surface. Weed Sci 22:394–401.Google Scholar
Holloway, P. J. 1970. Surface factors affecting the wetting of leaves. Pestic. Sci 1:156–163.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The Worlds Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HA: University of Hawaii Press. Pp. 32–40.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1991. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing. 609 p.Google Scholar
Hull, H. M. 1970. Leaves structure as related to absorption of pesticides and other compounds. Pages 1–155 in Gunther, F. A. and Gunther, J. D. eds. Residue Review. Volume 31. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Hull, H. M., Davis, D. G., and Stolzenberg, G. E. 1982. Actions of adjuvant on plant surface. Pages 26–67 in Adjuvants for Herbicides. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. E., Hazen, J. L., and Penner, D. 2002. Citric ester surfactants as adjuvants with herbicides. Weed Technol 16:867–872.Google Scholar
Juniper, B. E. 1960. Growth, development, and the effect of environment on the ultrastructure of plant surfaces. J. Linn. Soc. Bot 56:413–419.Google Scholar
Juniper, B. E. and Bradley, D. E. 1958. The carbon replica technique in the study of the ultrastructure of leaf surfaces. J. Ultrastruct. Res 2:16–27.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, R. C., McKay, I., and Livingstone, R. 1982. The use of model systems to study the cuticular penetration of 14C-MCPA and 14C-MCPB. Pages 253–266 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E. eds. The Plant Cuticle. Linn. Soc. Symp. Ser. 10. London: Academic.Google Scholar
Lopez-Martinez, N., Salva, A. P., Finch, R. P., Marshall, G., and De Prado, R. 1999. Molecular markers indicate intraspecific variation in the control of Echinochloa spp. with quinclorac. Weed Sci 47:310–315.Google Scholar
McWhorter, C. G. 1985. The physiological effects of adjuvants on plants. Pages 141–158 in Duke, S. O. ed. Weed Physiology. Volume II. Herbicide Physiology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
McWhorter, C. G. 1993. Epicuticular wax on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. Weed Sci 41:475–482.Google Scholar
McWhorter, C. G., Ouzts, C., and Paul, R. N. 1993. Micromorphology of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. Weed Sci 41:583–589.Google Scholar
Nandula, V. K., Curran, W. S., Roth, G. W., and Hartwig, N. L. 1995. Effectiveness of adjuvants with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron for wirestem muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa) control in no till corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 9:525–530.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Burgos, N. R., and Oliver, L. R. 2001. Differences in weed tolerance to glyphosate involve different mechanisms. Weed Technol 15:725–731.Google Scholar
Paul, R. N., McWhorter, C. G., and Ouzts, J. C. 1992. An investigation into the ultrastructural histochemistry of glandular trichomes of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] leaves. Elect. Micro. Soc. Am 50:842–843.Google Scholar
Sanyal, D., Bhowmik, P. C., and Reddy, K. N. 2006. Leaf characteristics and surfactants affect primisulfuron droplet spread in three broadleaf weeds. Weed Science 54:16–22.Google Scholar
Staniforth, D. W. 1965. Competitive effect of three foxtail species on soybeans. Weeds 13:191–193.Google Scholar
Stock, D. and Holloway, P. J. 1993. Possible mechanisms for surfactant induced foliar uptake of agrochemicals. Pestic. Sci 38:165–177.Google Scholar
Strahan, R. E., Griffin, J. L., Jordan, D. L., and Miller, D. K. 2000. Influence of adjuvants on Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) control in corn (Zea mays) with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron. Weed Technol 14:66–71.Google Scholar
Tweedy, M. J. and Kapusta, G. 1995. Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron eradicate rhizome johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in corn (Zea mays) in three years. Weed Technol 9:748–753.Google Scholar
Underwood, A., Roberts, S., and Yopp, F. 2001. An overview of the commercial agrochemical and adjuvant markets and trends impacting each for the twenty-first century. Pages 608–620 in de Ruiter, Hans ed. Sixth International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ISAA 2001 Foundation.Google Scholar
VanDevender, K. W., Costello, T. A., and Smith, R. J. Jr. 1997. Model of rice (Oryza sativa) yield reduction as a function of weed interference. Weed Sci 45:218–224.Google Scholar
Wanamarta, G. and Penner, D. 1989. Foliar absorption of herbicides. Rev. Weed Sci 4:215–231.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, P., Holloway, P. J., and Caseley, J. C. 1982. The epicuticular wax of wild oats in relation to foliar entry of the herbicides diclofopmethyl and difenzoquat. Pages 315–330 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E. eds. The Plant Cuticle. Linn. Soc. Symp. Ser. 10. London: Academic.Google Scholar