Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:21:58.594Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of environmental factors on slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Walter E. Thomas ,
Ian C. Burke ,
Janet F. Spears  and
John W. Wilcut
Walter E. Thomas
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Ian C. Burke
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Janet F. Spears
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Box 7620, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Germination response of slender amaranth to temperature, solution pH, moisture stress, and depth of emergence was evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. Results indicated that 30 C was the optimum constant temperature for germination. Germination of slender amaranth seed at 21 d was similar, with 35/25, 35/20, 30/25, and 30/20 alternating temperature regimes. As temperatures in alternating regimes increased, time to onset of germination decreased and rate of germination increased. Slender amaranth germination was greater with acidic than with basic pH conditions. Germination declined with increasing water stress and was completely inhibited at water potentials below −0.6 MPa. Slender amaranth emergence was greatest at depths of 0.5 to 2 cm, but some seeds emerged from as deep as 6 cm. Information gained in this study will contribute to an integrated control program for slender amaranth.

Keywords

Slender amaranth, Amaranthus viridis L. AMAVILighttemperaturesolution pHmoisture stressburial depthweed biology
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 316 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. 2001. Tropic croton interference in cotton. Weed Sci 49:184–189.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977. Role of temperature in the germination ecology of three summer annual weeds. Oecologia 30:377–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seed: Ecology, Biography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. New York: Academic Press. P. 212.Google Scholar
Burke, I. C., Thomas, W. E., Spears, J. F., and Wilcut, J. W. 2003. Influence of environmental factors on after-ripened crowfootgrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) seed germination. Weed Sci 51:342–347.Google Scholar
Draper, N. R. and Smith, H. 1981. Fitting a straight line by least squares. Pages 33–42 in Wiley, ed. Applied Regression Analysis. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gallagher, R. S. and Cardina, J. 1998. Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination I: effect of seed burial and germination temperatures. Weed Sci 46:48–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghorbani, R., Seel, W., and Leifert, C. 1999. Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus . Weed Sci 47:505–510.Google Scholar
Gortner, R. A. Jr. 1949. Outline of Biochemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley. Pp. 82–87.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y., Corbineau, F., and Côme, D. 1992. Interrelated effects of temperature, light and oxygen on Amaranthus caudatus L. seed germination. Weed Res 32:111–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, R. E. and Miller, M. R. 1972. Weed seed germination responses to chemical and physical treatments. Weed Sci 20:150–153.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Amaranthus viridis L. in World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: Wiley. Pp. 51–67.Google Scholar
Keeley, P. E., Carter, C. H., and Thullen, R. J. 1987. Influence of planting date on growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 35:199–204.Google Scholar
Kepczynski, J., Corbineau, F., and Come, D. 1996. Responsiveness of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds to ethephon, 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid and gibberellic acid in relation to temperature and dormancy. Plant Growth Regulation 20:259–265.Google Scholar
Kigel, J. 1994. Development and ecophysiology of Amaranths. in Paredes-López, O. ed. Amaranth: Biology, Chemistry, and Techonology. Ann Arbor, MI: CRC Press. Pp. 39–73.Google Scholar
Larson, A. L. 1971. Two-way thermogradient plate for seed germination research: construction plans and procedures. USDA ARS 51–41.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Oladiran, J. A. and Mumford, P. M. 1985. The stimulation of seed germination by temperature and light in agronomic Amaranthus species. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz 180:45–54.Google Scholar
Oryokot, J. O. E., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 1997. Effect of tillage and corn on pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) seedling emergence and density. Weed Sci 45:120–126.Google Scholar
Owenby, J. R. and Ezell, D. S. 1992. Climatography of the United States. No. 81. Daily normals of temperature and heating and cooling degree days North Carolina 1961–1990. U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, National Climatic Center, Asheville, NC. P. 30.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1990. Effects of day and night temperature on vegetative growth of Texas panicum (Panicum texanum). Weed Sci 38:35–373.Google Scholar
Peters, J. ed. 2000. Association of Official Seed Analysis Tetrazolium Testing Handbook, Contribution No. 29, 1st Revision. Lincoln, NE: Association of Official Seed Analysis.Google Scholar
Santelmann, P. W. and Evetts, L. 1971. Germination and herbicide susceptibility of six pigweed species. Weed Sci 19:51–54.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1998. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Release 7.00. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. P. 1028.Google Scholar
Singer, M. J. and Munns, D. N. 1999. Acidity and salinity. Pages 285–296 in Soils: An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5. http://plants.usda.gov.Google Scholar
Washitani, I. and Takenaka, A. 1984. Germination responses of a non-dormant seed population of Amaranthus patulus Bertol. to constant temperatures in the sub-optimal range. Plant Cell Environ 7:353–358.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E. 1984. Differential growth and competitive ability of Amaranthus retroflexus, A. powellii and A. hybridus . Can. J. Plant Sci 64:715–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, S. E. and Thomas, A. G. 1986. Germination responses to temperature of atrazine-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of two pigweed (Amaranthus) species. Weed Sci 34:865–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, D. M., Smith, C. W., and Schulz-Schaeffer, J. 1987. Amaranth seedling emergence as affected by seeding depth and temperature on a thermogradient plate. Agron. J 79:23–26.Google Scholar
Wiese, A. F. and Davis, R. G. 1967. Weed emergence from two soils at various moistures, temperatures, and depths. Weeds 15:118–121.Google Scholar
Wright, S. R., Coble, H. D., Raper, C. D. Jr., and Rufty, T. W. Jr. 1999. Comparative responses of soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to root zone and aerial temperatures. Weed Sci 47:167–174.Google Scholar