Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T12:33:32.444Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

J.B. Wyrill III  and
O.C. Burnside
J.B. Wyrill III
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Neb Lincoln, NE 68583
O.C. Burnside
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Neb Lincoln, NE 68583
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Surfactants were evaluated in the greenhouse for their ability to enhance glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] toxicity to common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) and hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.). Ethoxylated amines were among the most effective groups of surfactants. Nonionic ether and ester ethoxylates combined with a dimethyl amine or a quaternary ammonium salt were more effective than any of these surfactants alone. Effectiveness of ethoxylated amine surfactants was altered by pH changes. Cat-ionic surfactants tended to be more effective than nonionic surfactants. With exceptions, surfactants were more effective with increased ethoxylation. Amine surfactant effectiveness increased with increasing concentrations up to 0.3% (w/v). Surfactant effectiveness on a molar basis was more closely related to the ethylene oxide content of the surfactant than was effectiveness on a percentage basis. Contact angle was not related to surfactant effectiveness at high or low surfactant concentrations. Ethoxylated stearyl ether and amine surfactants gave optimum effectiveness at hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 15 to 16 and 19 to 20, respectively. Surfactants with a low HLB were usually less effective. Effectiveness of surfactant combinations was quite variable and difficult to predict. Therefore, the indiscriminate addition of surfactants to glyphosate spray mixtures which already contain a surfactant should be avoided.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , May 1977 , pp. 275 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © 1977 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anonymous. 1971. McCutcheon's detergents and emulsifiers. Allured Publishing Corp, Ridgewood, NJ. 280 pp.Google Scholar
2. Anonymous. 1963. The Atlas HLB system, a time saving guide to emulsifier selection. Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 20 pp.Google Scholar
3. Bayer, D.E. and Drever, H.R. 1965. The effect of surfactants on efficiency of foliar-applied diuron. Weed Sci. 13:222–226.Google Scholar
4. Becher, P. and Becher, D. 1969. The effect of hydrophile-lipophile balance on contact angle of solutions of nonionic surface active agents. Adv. Chem. Ser. 86:15–23.Google Scholar
5. Behrens, R.W. 1964. The physical and chemical properties of surfactants and their effects on formulated herbicides. Weeds 12:255–258.Google Scholar
6. Foy, C.L. and Smith, L.W. 1965. Surface tension lowering, wettability of paraffin and corn leaf surfaces, and herbicidal enhancement of dalapon by seven surfactants. Weed Sci. 13:15–19.Google Scholar
7. Foy, C.L. and Smith, L.W. 1969. The role of surfactants in modifying the activity of herbicidal sprays. Adv. Chem. Ser. 86:55–69.Google Scholar
8. Jansen, L.L. 1964. Relation of structure of ethylene oxide ether-type nonionic surfactants to herbicidal activity of water soluble herbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 12:223–227.Google Scholar
9. Jansen, L.L. 1965. Effects of structural variations in ionic surfactants on phytotoxicity and physical-chemical properties of aqueous sprays of several herbicides. Weed Sci. 13:117–123.Google Scholar
10. Jansen, L.L. 1965. Herbicidal and surfactant properties of long-chain alkylamine salts of 2,4-D in water and oil sprays. Weed Sci. 13:123–130.Google Scholar
11. McWhorter, C.G. (Chairman). 1975. Report of subcommittee on adjuvant terminology. Weed Sci. 23:162–163.Google Scholar
12. Nelson, P.V. and Garlich, H.H. 1969. Relationship of chemical classification and hydrophile-lipophile balance of surfactants to enhancement of foliar uptake of iron. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:148–152.Google Scholar
13. Parr, J.F. and Norman, A.G. 1965. Considerations in the use of surfactants in plant systems: A review. Bot. Gaz. 126:86–96.Google Scholar
14. Robertson, M.M. and Kirkwood, R.C. 1969. The mode of action of foliage-applied translocated herbicides with particular reference to the phenoxy-acid compounds. I. The mechanism and factors influencing herbicide adsorption. Weed Res. 9:224–240.Google Scholar
15. Schonfeldt, N. 1969. Surface active ethylene oxide adducts. Pergamon Press, New York, NY. 940 pp.Google Scholar
16. Shinoda, K., Nakagawa, T., Tamamushi, B. and Isemura, T. 1963. Colloidal surfactants. Academic Press, New York, NY. 310 pp.Google Scholar
17. Smith, L.W., Foy, C.L. and Bayer, D.E. 1966. Structure-activity relationships of alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether non-ionic surfactants and three water-soluble herbicides. Weed Res. 6:233–242.Google Scholar
18. Smith, L.W. and Foy, C.L. 1967. Interactions of several paraquatsurfactant mixtures. Weed Sci. 15:67–72.Google Scholar
19. Sprankle, P., Meggit, W.F. and Penner, D. 1975. Adsorption, mobility, and microbial degration of glyphosate in the soil. Weed Sci. 23:229–234.Google Scholar
20. Sutton, D.L. and Foy, C.L. 1971. Effect of diquat and several surfactants on membrane permeability in red beet root tissue. Bot. Gaz. 132:229–304.Google Scholar
21. Thompson, G.A. Jr. 1965. Cellular membranes. Pages 64–88 in Bonner, J. and Varner, J.E. Plant biochemistry. Academic Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
22. Van Valkenburg, W. 1967. Surfactants in pesticidal formulations. Pages 263–283 in Shinoda, K. ed., Solvent properties of surfactant solutions. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY.Google Scholar